Early-morning television

The Chicago School of Television is a creative television philosophy being rooted in its namesake; its purpose is to counter New York's theatrical/radio grandeur and Hollywood's cinematic glamour.

Such noted techniques involving television's Chicago School include walking personalities, addresses directly to viewers, fluid/moving camerawork and studio sets as three-dimensional/3D canvases.

When regular commercial television operations began in New York, many programs have incorporated theatrical proscenium or radio layouts, separating the stage from the audience area.

In other words, the early studio set designs used by many programs coming from the New York-centric television scene were like a cardboard box, but also two-dimensional/2D canvases.

Besides, New York-centric television also used fixed/static shots, together with loud talkers.

However, the Chicago School circumvented the traditions of the New York-centric television scene.

During the early years of the era after the Second World War, some television programs emanated from Chicago, where Dave Garroway was a radio disc jockey on WMAQ-AM.

Radio belonged to Dave Garroway since World War II, and his laid-back delivery defined his career.

Television came calling for the radio-friendly Dave Garroway in 1949; his eponymous program called Garroway at Large was a key component of the Chicago School.

April 1949 is when Dave Garroway's Garroway at Large program started its run as a local program on WNBQ, before being national on NBC in June 1949.

For his eponymous Garroway at Large program, Dave Garroway broke television's old traditions for a more casual approach, in which the reality of the studio was acknowledged.

Using one camera, Dave Garroway walked around large studios and simple abstract sets as he directly talked to guests and television viewers for his eponymous Garroway at Large program.

Just over 2 years after NBC started Dave Garroway's eponymous Garroway at Large program, its rival CBS responded by launching See It Now with Edward R. Murrow in November.

Hear It Now, which served as a former weekly radio adaptation of the I Can Hear It Now spoken-word album series, is, in turn, the basis for Edward R. Murrow's See It Now (CBS).

The CBS Television control room at Studio 41 in Grand Central Terminal housed Edward R. Murrow's innovative and groundbreaking See It Now television program.

Dave Garroway's Garroway at Large (NBC) used moving cameras and unpainted studio walls, whereas Edward R. Murrow's See It Now (CBS) featured a control room with monitors.

Plus, whereas programs from New York-centric TV were like a cardboard box, the See It Now program being helmed by Edward R. Murrow had a control room.

Both Dave Garroway's Garroway at Large (NBC) and Edward R. Murrow's See It Now (CBS) rejected claustrophobic sets and exposed a real technical environment of television production.

When Today (NBC) began, television was completely absent from the early-morning hours, and critics believed that no one watched TV while getting ready for work.

Just before Today (NBC), Pat Weaver was also trying to find a location for its studio.

Situated in the Rockefeller Centre complex, the RCA Exhibition Hall is based directly across from the iconic and famous headquarters of the Associated Press at 50 Rockefeller Plaza.

Contrasting to the iconic headquarters of the Associated Press, which represented print journalism, the RCA Exhibition Hall represented electronic media's fluid and transparent future.

Besides, Rockefeller Centre housed 1 Rockefeller Plaza, the former base for Time Inc.

The presence of both the Associated Press and Time Inc. turned Rockefeller Centre into an iconic and world-famous multimedia centre, while maintaining NBC.

With the RCA Exhibition Hall as Pat Weaver's choice, Today (NBC) was unconventional.

During the early-1950's era, parts of the floor of the RCA Exhibition Hall were being converted into an early studio space for Today (NBC).

Inside the RCA Exhibition Hall, parts of which were converted into the first Today (NBC) studio, was a borderless room evoking the Associated Press bullpen at 50 Rock.

Juxtaposing print journalism's industrial past, via the AP at 50 Rock, with electronic media's transparent future, via the RCA Exhibition Hall, the Today (NBC) bullpen was innovative.

Undoing the past, the blueprint of this unique room in the RCA Exhibition Hall for Today (NBC) under Dave Garroway/Pat Weaver birthed modern broadcast design elements.

Elements of this first Today (NBC) studio under Dave Garroway/Pat Weaver included newsroom-as-set trends, street-side studios, news tickers and clock displays.

This borderless room, located at the RCA Exhibition Hall for Today (NBC) under Dave Garroway, was made in-house by NBC's engineering units and RCA's corporate exhibition teams.

Despite its first year being unsuccessful, Today (NBC) introduced a new mascot to turn the corner: an animal named J. Fred Muggs.

For J. Fred Muggs, he revitalized the poor ratings that Today (NBC) had caused in its first year.

June 2, 1953 is when the coronation of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II was held.

When this June 2, 1953 coronation of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II took place, the BBC had already expanded its television service nationwide.

For the BBC's nationally-televised coverage of the Queen's coronation, it was the first one to run in its entirety using television cameras inside Westminster Abbey.

Just before the BBC's live televised coverage of the Queen's 1953 coronation, the 1937 one of her own parents was dominated by radio, as television was in its infancy.

Likewise, the May 1937 coronation of the Queen's parents, as being covered by the BBC, also featured television cameras outside Westminster Abbey, the first major telecast in an exterior place.

However, the BBC's nationally-televised coverage of the Queen's June 2, 1953 coronation was the first occasion of its kind to have cameras inside Westminster Abbey.

More than 20 million individuals all around the entire United Kingdom tuned in to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II's June 2, 1953 coronation via television.

Roughly 11 to 12 million individuals tuned in to the Queen's June 2, 1953 coronation via radio.

The BBC's television coverage of this June 2, 1953 coronation of the Queen led to a surge in television viewership across the United Kingdom past radio listeners for the first time.

Moving across the pond, the television coverage of the June 2, 1953 coronation of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II was seen on the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC).

Royal Air Force jets flew the BBC films of the Queen's coronation from London to North America.

Operation Pony Express is the name being used to transport the films of the British Queen's coronation being made by the BBC across the Atlantic Ocean for North American television broadcasts.

Goose Bay, which is based in Newfoundland and Labrador, is where the first film batch comprising the British Queen's coronation being made by the BBC was being sent to the CBC in Montreal.

With the Queen's June 2, 1953 coronation being telecast in both North America and Western Europe, it served as the first major telecast seen across continents of the world on the same day.

NBC is one of the noted American broadcasters to telecast the June 2, 1953 coronation of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, featuring commercials by J. Fred Muggs.

J. Fred Muggs is the kid-friendly mascot of the Today (NBC) program, lasting from 1953 to 1957.

Working with J. Fred Muggs on Today (NBC) for 4 years is his human co-star Dave Garroway.

Besides NBC, both ABC and CBS also offered the American television coverage of the British Queen's June 2, 1953 coronation.

For ABC, this US television coverage of the Queen's June 2, 1953 coronation went against its rivals by retransmitting the signal from the CBC in Toronto.

ABC's retransmission of this June 2, 1953 coronation of the Queen, which came from a CBC station in Toronto, was done using its Buffalo station WBEN-TV.

CBS, under Sig Mickelson's news leadership, used a military-style operation to go against NBC for its American television coverage of the Queen's June 2, 1953 coronation, which was successful.

Meanwhile, Calais, which is a French city being located across the English Channel, is where the BBC transmitters beamed the live televised coverage of the Queen's coronation.

From Calais, the signal of the BBC's live televised coverage of the Queen's coronation was replayed to viewers in France, West Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium.

This successful multi-nation connection of the BBC's live televised coverage of the Queen's June 1953 coronation across Western Europe was the proof-of concept that directly inspired Eurovision.

Late-August 1950 also marked the first live television broadcast from continental Europe to mark the centenary of the first message sent via telegraph across the English Channel.

Housing the first live television broadcast from continental Europe was a town hall in Calais.

For this historic telecast being held in late-August 1950, the BBC was its producer, in cooperation with Radiodiffusion-Télévision Française (RTF).

Ironically, this historic live telecast from Calais in late-August 1950 was seen exclusively in the United Kingdom, as France had not developed a regional television service.

On July 30, 1954, just one year after the Queen's June 2, 1953 coronation, the Television Act 1954 was passed by the British Parliament, resulting in the first 4 franchises being awarded.

Associated-Rediffusion is the first ITV franchise; during the weekdays, it served London and the South East, with the weekends being filled by Associated Television (ATV).

During the weekdays, the Midlands and the North were served by ATV and Granada Television.

For ABC Weekend Television, it also served the Midlands and the North.

ITV was unique in that it was a privately-financed television service regulated by a public authority to preserve public decency.

Delivering the news for the ITV network is Independent Television News (ITN).