Television news

NBC News, CBS News and ABC News are the news divisions of the Big Three broadcasters.

Eyewitness News and Action News are the most successful and influential formats in America's local television news industry, doubling as newscast titles.

The Eyewitness News concept uses visual elements and action video, with reporters in the field being known as "eyewitnesses" to an event to the anchor in the studio and the viewer at home.

Conversely, Action News uses a tight format with strict time limits on set packages, a focus on young people and a focus on surrounding outskirts.

11 p.m. serves as the frequent time for late-night local television news in America's Eastern and Pacific time zones.

Meanwhile, in America's middle time zones, late-night local television news is often aired at 10 p.m.

The iconic and famous names for late-night local television news in both the Eastern and Pacific time zones of the United States include The Eleven O'Clock News and News at Eleven.

Stations in America's middle time zones often use a similar name structure based on the hour.

Film at 11 is a phrase in American television news to indicate the late-night local newscast being seen typically at 11 p.m., keeping viewers informed with the day's top stories and breaking news.

Non-Big Three television stations in the United States, including many independent stations, have a primetime local newscast being seen typically at 10 p.m. in the Eastern and Pacific time zones.

In the middle time zones of the United States, there is a primetime local newscast on non-Big Three television stations being seen typically at 9 p.m.

The iconic and famous names for primetime local television news in both the Eastern and Pacific time zones of the United States include The Ten O'Clock News and News at Ten.

Plus, in America's middle time zones, stations use a similar name structure based on the hour.

For non-Big Three television stations in the United States, they typically air a primetime newscast, one hour earlier than the traditional late-night newscasts seen on major network-affiliated stations.

NewsCentre, NewsWatch and NewsChannel, aside from Eyewitness News and Action News, are some other newscast titles.

Reuters, the Associated Press (AP) and United Press International (UPI) are some of the world's major news agencies.

Where the News Comes First, Coverage You Can Count On and Live, Local, Late-Breaking are usual slogans being iconic and famous in North America's local television news scene.

For this Where the News Comes First slogan, it is widely used to emphasize a station's commitment to breaking news, often paired with a fast-paced "news-heavy" image.

Plus, the other variations of the iconic and famous Where the News Comes First slogan include Where News Comes First, Where Local News Comes First and Where Your News Comes First.

Coverage You Can Count On is a variant of a common brand technique in North America's local news scene, known as franchise news; it is designed to build viewer trust and reliability in local news.

Some of the other variations of this iconic Coverage You Can Count On slogan include News You Can Count On, News You Can Use, News You Can Trust and Experience You Can Trust.

Live, Local, Late-Breaking is also a news catchphrase that highlights three of the core pillars shaping modern local news: immediacy, community relevance and speed.

Besides the three iconic and famous slogans in local television news in North America, other slogans include On Your Side, The News Leader, The News Station.

Independent Television News (ITN) is ITV's news service, doubling as one of the world's major news providers.

Cable News Network (CNN) is the first television network in the world to offer live and uninterrupted news coverage around the world, around the clock, also one of the world's major news providers.

The CNN effect is a theory of television news.

For the CNN effect, television networks, utilizing their ability to provide live 24-hour television news coverage from around the world, play a role in deciding the actions and outcomes of events.

Headline News is CNN's spin-off channel.

While CNN blends newscasts with specialized topical and feature programs, Headline News formerly strictly focused on rolling news coverage, featuring half-hour newscasts 24 hours a day.

On television, online or in other sources, CNN is one of the world's most successful and trusted media sources for news and information.

CNN has had a significant impact in pop culture across the globe, influencing news trends.

Your 24-Hour News Source is a testament to short news updates at the top and bottom of the hour.

Inspired by CNN and CNN Headline News, Your 24-Hour News Source belongs to viewers who keep tuning in to the television set at home and who want fast-paced news coverage.

For 45+ years since 1930, Lowell Thomas was the most famous radio newscaster.

Besides his iconic radio work, Lowell Thomas worked in the film industry.

In 1914, when he visited Alaska, Lowell Thomas took a film camera with him and was one of the first people to use the new medium to make travelogues.

After the United States entered the First World War, Lowell Thomas moved to Europe to report on the conflict and from there to the Middle East and North Africa, where he met T.E. Lawrence.

Having been fascinated with the movies, Lowell Thomas was the narrator for 20th Century-Fox's own twice weekly Movietone News.

Moving to television, Lowell Thomas delivered the first news broadcasts on this medium and on both a regularly-scheduled and a commercial basis, plus the first live telecast of a political occasion.

Despite these firsts on television, Lowell Thomas preferred radio, and this allowed him to present news stories from his home or while travelling around the world.

For Lowell Thomas, his sign-on was "Good evening, everybody," and his sign-off was "So long, until tomorrow," or for his Friday night broadcasts "So long, until Monday."

The iconic catchphrase during Walter Winchell's work as a radio newscaster is "Good evening, Mr. and Mrs. North America, and all the ships at sea," often followed by "Let's go to press."

Some of the variants of this iconic and famous catchphrase during Walter Winchell's radio newscasting career include adding "and South America" or "from border to border and coast to coast."

For years, Walter Winchell, known for his fast-paced delivery, has begun each newscast with the iconic phrase set to the teletype sounder.

By assembling an eponymous group of professional broadcast journalists, Edward R. Murrow has set standards for modern broadcast journalism.

William L. Shirer is the first of the original Murrow Boys.

Howard K. Smith, Charles Collingwood, Eric Sevareid and Richard C. Hottelet are some other original Murrow Boys.

The second generation Murrow Boys include Daniel Schorr, Alexander Kendrick, George Polk, Robert Pierpoint, David Schoenbrun and Marvin Kalb.

Bernard Kalb is Marvin Kalb's brother.

Edward R. Murrow begins his own radio news reports during World War II, especially during the Blitz campaign, with "This is London," with a emphasis on the word "this," then a slight pause. 

For its first edition in March 1938 as a one-time special in response to growing tensions in Europe, the CBS World News Roundup presented, for the first time, Edward R. Murrow's voice to the world.

Robert Trout was the main anchor for the first edition of the CBS World News Roundup.

For the CBS World News Roundup, it used on-the-scene reporters from around the world being linked with a central anchor for a national broadcast.

This multi-reporter newscast format, which both CBS and Edward R. Murrow pioneered, is still being practiced in television news across the United States and around the world.

I Can Hear It Now 1933-1945 (1948) is the first documentary record to become widely popular, which Edward R. Murrow narrated and co-produced with Fred W. Friendly.

With the huge success of this first I Can Hear It Now record and two follow-ups in 1949 and 1950, the Edward R. Murrow and Fred W. Friendly pair parlayed them into a weekly program for CBS.

Hear It Now, which used a magazine format, was originally known as Report to the Nation, but had its name changed to capitalize on the high popularity of the albums from Edward R. Murrow.

Every Friday night at 9 p.m. Eastern, Hear It Now is a radio documentary that Edward R. Murrow had hosted/narrated on CBS.

Since its first edition in mid-December 1950, Hear It Now lasted 6 months until June of the next year.

During WWII's last stages, the War As It Happens was NBC's weekly news program.

Initially a local weekly program in New York on NBC, the War As It Happens was later being aired in Philadelphia and Schenectady, the first news program to be aired in multiple cities.

When WWII ended in August 1945, the War As It Happens became the NBC Television Newsreel.

Not long after 1945, Esso began to sponsor the NBC Television Newsreel.

With Esso as its sponsor, the NBC Television Newsreel became known as the Esso Newsreel, meaning that it aired, not every week like the NBC Television Newsreel, but 2 nights a week.

Under Esso, the Esso Newsreel lasted until February 1948, when Camel Cigarettes stepped in.

The newly-named Camel Newsreel Theatre started airing in February 1948 on a handful of stations all across the Northeast Corridor affiliated with NBC.

Having aired every weeknight from Monday to Friday on a regular basis, the Camel Newsreel Theatre became network television's first regular daily newscast.

Fox Movietone News is a series from which the NBC Television Newsreel aired footage.

John Cameron Swayze was the off-camera narrator of the NBC Television Newsreel.

December 1948 was when NBC purchased a 11-storey building owned by French-rooted Pathé, which innovated the newsreels.

Using a building that Pathé formerly held, NBC had access to news footage from around the world.

CBS News decided to put Douglas Edwards at the news desk before the television studio cameras on a regular basis weeknights from Monday to Friday in May 1948, the first newscaster to do so.

Just before Douglas Edwards, television news was limited to film-exclusive and faceless narrations, a formula being made à la newsreels or radio news.

Douglas Edwards' on-camera presence had a more personal and engaging experience than newsreels.

By offering a stark contrast to the NBC Television Newsreel (which utilized film-exclusive and faceless narrations), CBS Television News with Dougas Edwards used newscasters directly on-camera.

This format of delivering the news on camera, which both CBS and Douglas Edwards pioneered, is still being practiced in television news across the United States and around the world.

In February 1949, 9 months later, both NBC and John Cameron Swayze followed in the footsteps that both CBS and Douglas Edwards have made with the Camel News Caravan for NBC.

For the Camel News Caravan on NBC, John Cameron Swayze utilized his fast-paced style (similar to commentators like Walter Winchell).

Plus, the Camel News Caravan on NBC was the network's first news program not to use footage from newsreels; instead, it used footage being made by the network's own camera personnel.

Renamed Douglas Edwards with the News in 1950, it then became the first television news program to simultaneously be broadcast on both the East and West Coasts in September of the next year.

Coaxial cable bridged the gap between the East and West Coasts for Douglas Edwards with the News.

Before coaxial cable, Douglas Edwards with the News was seen on a handful of stations all across the Northeast Corridor.

Using coaxial cable, Douglas Edwards started the flagship CBS television newscast with the updated phrase: "Good evening everyone, coast to coast."

Five years after coaxial cable, Douglas Edwards with the News made another first: using videotape to delay the broadcast (from New York) for the Western United States.

For John Cameron Swayze, his sign-on was "Ladies and gentlemen, a good evening to you."

Plus, the sign-off for John Cameron Swayze was "That's the story, folks-glad we could get together."

Another catchphrase for John Cameron Swayze was "Hopscotching the world for headlines."

Using his fast-paced approach à la Walter Winchell, John Cameron Swayze (through the Camel News Caravan on NBC) dominated the ratings over Douglas Edwards on CBS.

This situation was reversed in the mid-1950's era, when Douglas Edwards on CBS, often acting as the straight man, outperformed John Cameron Swayze and his hopscotching style on NBC.

See It Now, which is the television answer to Hear It Now, is one of the earliest documentary series on television, but also the program setting standards in broadcast journalism via Edward R. Murrow.

Both Edward R. Murrow and Fred W. Friendly made an arrangement with the Hearst Metrotone News series from MGM for technical services and film library footage as needed for See It Now.

Unlike other news programs using newsreel companies to record events, See It Now utilized its own camera crews to coordinate filming on location.

Plus, See It Now had no rehearsed interviews, plus no background music to accompany the visuals.

Although See It Now relied on news correspondents from around the world, the first autonomous news unit was organized by Edward R. Murrow and Fred W. Friendly.

Don Hewitt, Joseph Wershba and Palmer Williams were involved in the first autonomous news unit for See It Now, which Edward R. Murrow and Fred W. Friendly organized.

For its debut, See It Now presented the first simultaneous live transmission from both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans on a commercial television program.

Before Edward R. Murrow, television news was divided into (and heavily influenced by) three separate components: newsreels, documentaries and radio news.

Newsreels are short segments that are pre-recorded, often curated or staged, and being shown in movie theatres.

Documentaries, on film or on radio, take an in-depth look at controversial or inspirational subjects.

Radio news are early television newscasts, with anchors delivering news reports simply in audio, with limited, often static, visuals.

However, due to Edward R. Murrow, the newsreel, documentary and radio news components forged television news.

See It Now blended on-location filming (inspired by newsreels), investigative reporting (inspired by documentaries on film or radio) and an authoritative anchor delivery (refined in radio).

The iconic sign-off for Edward R. Murrow is "Good night, and good luck."

Person to Person, which Edward R. Murrow had also hosted, features celebrities in their homes from a comfortable chair in his New York studio, pioneering the celebrity interview concept.

One of the noted guests on the original Person to Person version is the sex icon Marilyn Monroe.

John Facenda, who earned fame as the primary narrator for NFL Films, also served as the primary news anchor for WCAU-TV from 1948 to 1973.

Under John Facenda, for most of his run, WCAU-TV was the ratings leader in the Delaware Valley.

Both WCAU-TV and John Facenda pioneered the usual concept still being practiced in television news across the United States and around the world: news-sports-weather.

Some of the innovations that shaped the modern local television news concept being pioneered by John Facenda at WCAU-TV include the 11 p.m. news and a four-person news team.

Besides John Facenda doing WCAU-TV's 6 p.m. news, others include Phil Sheridan doing the weather, Jack Whitaker doing sports and Ed McMahon as the announcer.

Charles Shaw, who worked with Edward R. Murrow as a CBS reporter in London during World War II, served as the news director at WCAU-TV under John Facenda from 1948 to the early-1960's.

Just as Douglas Edwards was the first newscaster to appear regularly on a national network basis from Monday to Friday in May 1948, John Facenda later did the same on a local level in September.

The sign-off for John Facenda on WCAU-TV's newscasts is "Have a nice night tonight, and a good day tomorrow. Good night all."

Initially, WSAZ-TV operated from its primary headquarters in Huntington without its secondary one in Charleston.

Following the opening of its secondary studios in Charleston in August 1954, WSAZ-TV pioneered the formats of having the news from two different cities and also being read by two anchors.

These dual-city and dual-anchor concepts that WSAZ-TV pioneered are likewise still being practiced in television news across the United States and around the world.

Nick Basso was WSAZ-TV's first news anchor when its news department was set up two years after its launch in November 1949.

Bos Johnson was the first Charleston-based news anchor for WSAZ-TV when its secondary Charleston studio opened in August 1954.

Having succeeded Nick Basso as the Huntington-based news anchor for WSAZ in 1960, Bos Johnson's replacement as its Charleston-based anchor was Charles Ryan.

The main weather forecaster on WSAZ-TV was Budd Dailey, who remained until his 1981 death, while Jim Thacker delivered sports for 13 years since 1954.

Lawrence H. (Bud) Rogers developed the dual-city and dual-anchor formats that WSAZ-TV used.

WSAZ-TV's innovative newscast format featured two anchors having chemistry that the single anchor format had lacked, but also broke from the newsreel mold.

David Brinkley was an NBC News reporter in Washington for the Camel News Caravan, on which he became known for his wry wit and for covering the White House and Congress.

United Press International is where David Brinkley worked before moving to NBC.

Prior to television, Chet Huntley was a radio-friendly newscaster for the Big Three networks, such as NBC, which initially viewed him as its answer to CBS' Edward R. Murrow.

In the mid-1950's, the radio-friendly Chet Huntley teamed up with the telegenic David Brinkley (of the Camel News Caravan) for the national political conventions.

Due to the successful Chet Huntley and David Brinkley team at the national political conventions in the mid-1950's, they began their own newscast to replace John Cameron Swayze's own.

Using the dual-city news concept that WSAZ-TV pioneered, when its secondary studio facility based in Charleston was opened, the Huntley-Brinkley Report broke from the newsreel mold.

Reuven Frank, born in Canada, was behind the success of the Huntley-Brinkley Report.

Bill McAndrew suggested using the dual-city news format, which WSAZ-TV pioneered earlier, for the Huntley-Brinkley Report on NBC, which Reuven Frank implemented.

Chet Huntley offered the national and international news from 30 Rockefeller Plaza in New York, and David Brinkley read the news from Washington, both for the Huntley-Brinkley Report on NBC.

In addition, for the Huntley-Brinkley Report on NBC, Chet Huntley often acted as the straight man to David Brinkley's witty style.

Each edition of the Huntley-Brinkley Report ended with the catchy sign-off: "Good night, Chet. Good night, David. And good night, for NBC News."

Some of the key aspects for the success of the Huntley-Brinkley Report include its innovative dual-city news format on a national network basis, Reuven Frank's contributions and its high viewership.

Due to the chemistry of both Chet Huntley and David Brinkley (plus its dual-city newscast format), the Huntley-Brinkley Report is a popular and successful news institution in the US and the world.

From 1962 to 1981, Walter Cronkite led the CBS Evening News to ratings success and popularity.

Until March 6, 1981, Walter Cronkite famously ended each edition of the CBS Evening News with the catchy sign-off: "And that's the way it is," followed by the date of the broadcast.

Sometimes, Walter Cronkite omitted the sign-off if he ended with an opinion or commentary piece.

Initially, since April 1962, Walter Cronkite with the News lasted a quarter-hour.

Just one year after Walter Cronkite's 1962 arrival, the flagship CBS television newscast expanded to 30 minutes or a half-hour, the first weeknight newscast on American network television to do so.

With this half-hour expansion, the newscast was renamed the CBS Evening News.

At first, the flagship quarter-hour CBS television newscast was a short summary of the day's news.

But the CBS Evening News, in a half-hour format, offered stories in longer and in-depth manners.

Meanwhile, both NBC and the Huntley-Brinkley Report followed in the footsteps that both CBS and Walter Cronkite have made one week later.

From 1962 to 1981, the CBS Evening News with Walter Cronkite was a popular and successful news institution in the US and the world.

In the mid-1960's, since NBC was a colour television pioneer, the Huntley-Brinkley Report became the first daily evening newscast on network television to go colour.

The CBS Evening News followed suit in late-January 1966.

Besides the Murrow Boys and the Kalb brothers, the other CBS News personnel working under Walter Cronkite include Dan Rather, Bob Schieffer, Roger Mudd, Charles Kuralt and Bernard Shaw.

Harry Kramer was the main announcer for the CBS Evening News for 9 years since 1962.

As the first CBS Evening News announcer under Walter Cronkite, Harry Kramer said: Direct from our newsroom in New York, this is the CBS Evening News with Walter Cronkite.

Plus, Harry Kramer announced a roll call of reporters, during Walter Cronkite's early run with the CBS Evening News, often emphasizing their names and locations with "And," then a slight pause.

Bob Hite was the second announcer for the CBS Evening News under Walter Cronkite; he said: From CBS News headquarters in New York, this is the CBS Evening News with Walter Cronkite.

In addition, Bob Hite also announced a roll call of reporters under Walter Cronkite, like Harry Kramer, starting them with "And," but in a smooth delivery and without a pause.

Meanwhile, in Los Angeles, KNXT pioneered the concept of a local newscast that would last for over a quarter-hour: The Big News.

For the Big News, KNXT offered stories in longer and in-depth manners.

Sam Zelman and Pete Noyes are some individuals who masterminded The Big News on KNXT.

Jerry Dunphy was the main anchor of The Big News on KNXT from 1960 to 1975.

Having been in Los Angeles from 1960 to 2002, Jerry Dunphy's iconic and famous sign-on: "From the desert to the sea, to all of Southern California, a good evening" opened his newscasts.

Prior to The Big News on KNXT, local television newscasts were typically short summaries.

However, The Big News on KNXT proved that local television news, in a format that means lasting for over a quarter-hour, offered longer and in-depth stories.

Meanwhile, WTVT pioneered Pulse, a hour-long news block like The Big News on KNXT.

WTVT pioneered the hour-long local news format in the Southern United States with Pulse, but KNXT popularized this one in a major market with The Big News.

Jayne Boyd coined the Pulse name for WTVT's newscasts.

CBS was a model for the hour-long news block via both KNXT and WTVT, in addition to the half-hour news format that Walter Cronkite pioneered on a national level.

Al Primo created the Eyewitness News format for KYW-TV in Philadelphia, forever changing the way television news is being made.

Prior to the Eyewitness News format that Al Primo created, television news relied on one person doing news stories (for example, Walter Cronkite and John Facenda).

However, Eyewitness News changed television news by using reporters on the scene.

Vince Leonard was the evening news anchor for KYW-TV when Al Primo's Eyewitness News concept started; he used a traditional approach.

Tom Snyder had a hard-hitting approach for the noon news for KYW-TV when Al Primo's Eyewitness News concept began.

Marciarose Shestack joined Tom Snyder for KYW-TV's noon edition of Eyewitness News.

Due to the success of his own Eyewitness News format on KYW-TV, Al Primo moved to New York to perfect this one for WABC-TV.

Roger Grimsby and Bill Beutel served as the primary anchors for the WABC-TV version of Eyewitness News until 1986.

For Roger Grimsby, he had a hard-hitting approach, whereas Bill Beutel used a laid-back style, both for the WABC-TV version of Eyewitness News.

The Eyewitness News name actually originated in Cleveland, where KYW-TV pioneered a 90-minute local news block; it is also used by WEWS for a longer period from 1972 to the early-1990's.

WEWS also had the first female news anchor in the United States named Dorothy Fuldheim.

Still in Cleveland, WJW-TV pioneered putting two news anchors on one news desk in one studio and directly putting sports and weather segments on one newscast/set, both in the mid-1960's.

Countering the dual-city and dual-anchor news format, notably used by the Huntley-Brinkley Report, which WSAZ-TV inspired), WJW-TV used two anchors, but in one city and in one studio.

Like WSAZ-TV and the Huntley-Brinkley Report, WJW-TV's innovative one-desk, two-person news format had chemistry that the single anchor format had lacked.

Plus, WJW-TV directly integrated the weather and sports segments into one single newscast, one of the first television stations to do so.

Doug Adair and Joel Daly co-anchored WJW-TV's newscast called City Camera News.

These formats, notably one-desk/two-person and weather/sports in a single set, both of which WJW-TV pioneered, are still being practiced in television news in the US and the world.

Back in Philadelphia, the success of this Eyewitness News format on KYW-TV prompted its own rival WFIL-TV to pioneer a news format of its own called Action News.

Influenced by the top forty concept of its sister radio station WFIL-AM, WFIL-TV's own Action News format was faster-paced and more youth-focused than KYW-TV's Eyewitness News.

Jim O'Brien, who was a DJ on WFIL-AM, also served as the primary weatherman for Action News on WFIL-TV/WPVI-TV.

Larry Kane, who covered The Beatles at WFUN-AM, was the first Action News anchor.

For Al Primo, he codified and popularized the Eyewitness News brand and structure that has been an industry standard, which KYW-TV in Philadelphia had pioneered.

WNEW-TV has earned its reputation for airing the first regular primetime television newscast in New York City called The Ten O'Clock News.

John Corporon and Ted Kavanau shaped The Ten O'Clock News on WNEW-TV.

Under Ted Kavanau, WNEW-TV made a fast-paced style for The Ten O'Clock News, often featuring tabloid focus and quick reports from field teams.

Before WNEW-TV, John Corporon worked at WDSU from the late-1950's era to the late-1960's era, at which he served as the news director during the Civil Rights movement.

Having arrived at WNEW-TV, due to his experience at WDSU-TV, John Corporon began the first ever television newscast in New York to air at 10 p.m.

Due to the success and popularity of The Ten O'Clock News on WNEW-TV, John Corporon supervised the news operations for all Metromedia stations in the late-1960's as well.

WTOP-TV was where John Corporon served as General Manager until 1972, when he returned to New York City to serve as the news director at WPIX, a rival of his former station WNEW-TV.

As for Ted Kavanau, prior to his equally-innovative career at WNEW-TV, he worked at WBZ-TV and WBBM-TV, both of which shaped his fast-paced and investigative reporting approach.

In 1974, Ted Kavanau left WNEW-TV and went to WPIX, reuniting with John Corporon.

Ted Kavanau's reunion with John Corporon at WPIX lasted briefly from 1974 to 1975.

Despite their brief reunion from 1974 to 1975, both John Corporon and Ted Kavanau did make the first steps to revamp WPIX from a traditional news format into a fast-paced, reporter-driven one.

The climax of these steps made by both John Corporon and Ted Kavanau was the Action News concept being pioneered by WFIL/WPVI, brought to New York by WPIX in 1977.

Mark Monsky replaced Ted Kavanau in 1974, lasting until the mid-1980's, when John Parsons Peditto replaced him.

Earlier on, in 1966, WNEW-TV's sister station WTTG started the first 10 p.m. newscast on a non-Big Three station in the United States.

Launching the 10 p.m. news model on a non-Big Three television station in the United States through WTTG was Ed Turner, who also worked at KWTV (where he grew up with 10 p.m. newscasts).

Before the 10 p.m. newscast model pioneered by WNEW/WTTG, America's non-Big Three television stations focused on general entertainment, like reruns or films, at this time slot.

The 10 p.m. newscast format that WNEW/WTTG pioneered was deemed a huge success, proving that America's non-Big Three stations could produce/sustain newscasts.

WTTG started America's first 10 p.m. newscast in 1966 under Ed Turner, but WNEW-TV adopted and refined its formula a few months later due to Ted Kavanau's work.

So successful was this 10 p.m. newscast concept that WNEW/WTTG pioneered that the other non-Big Three stations across the United States followed its trend. 

Initially airing for a half-hour, the success of The Ten O'Clock News on WNEW-TV prompted its own expansion to 60 minutes, not long after its launch.

For years, The Ten O'Clock News on WNEW-TV has begun with an iconic and famous public service announcement: "It's 10 p.m. Do you know where your children are?"

Mel Epstein, who was WNEW-TV's on-air promotions director, coined this iconic and famous "Do you know where your children are?" phrase for The Ten O'Clock News.

However, Tom Gregory, best known as the WNEW-TV staff announcer, became mostly associated with this "Do you know where your children are?" phrase for The Ten O'Clock News.

Bill Jorgensen was the first main anchor for The Ten O'Clock News on WNEW-TV.

Known for his authoritative approach à la Walter Cronkite, Bill Jorgensen anchored The Ten O'Clock News on WNEW-TV with success, popularity and acclaim.

During its first 12 years, Bill Jorgensen ended The Ten O'Clock News on WNEW-TV with the catchy sign-off: "I'm Bill Jorgensen, thanking you very much for your time this time, until next time."

After 12 years as the first anchor of the Ten O'Clock News, Bill Jorgensen left WNEW-TV for its rival WPIX, where he reunited with John Corporon, with whom he once worked at WNEW-TV.

John Roland replaced Bill Jorgensen as the main anchor for The Ten O'Clock News on WNEW-TV, 12 years after its launch.

Besides both WNEW-TV and WTTG, KTLA and KPLR-TV were pioneering non-Big Three stations having a functioning news department

Klaus Landsberg was KTLA's general manager and its engineering mastermind.

During Klaus Landsberg's nine-year tenure, KTLA pioneered noted trends in television news, including continuous breaking news and a nuclear bomb telecast presented live.

Even after Klaus Landsberg's death, KTLA still pioneered the helicopter as a trend for live television.

Having launched its operations on Halloween 1960, CHAN-TV had officially been known as British Columbia Television (BCTV) from 1973 to 2001.

Plus, BCTV (CHAN-TV) had a long affiliation with CTV from 1961 to 2001.

Until 2001, despite its CTV affiliation, BCTV (CHAN-TV) used its distinctive presentation.

Some key drivers that pushed BCTV towards its distinctive identity despite its CTV network affiliation included its home-grown ownership and its conflict with CFTO-TV in Toronto.

Western International Communications (WIC) was a media company based in Vancouver, under which BCTV prioritized regional interests over national network mandates.

For BCTV, BCTV (CHAN-TV) operated in the form of an independent station affiliated with the CTV network.

The Pacific Dogwood flower (which serves as British Columbia's provincial flower) also served as an iconic and famous symbol for BCTV from 1973 to 2001, refined in the mid-1990's.

From its rebrand in the mid-1990's to 2001, the slogan for BCTV was TV for BC with some variants.

When it began on Halloween 1960, BCTV emanated from its studios, based at the corner of Davie and Richards Streets in downtown Vancouver.

Not long after its launch on Halloween 1960, BCTV made its move to its permanent and purpose-built studios at Enterprise Street in the Lake City Industrial Park in 1961, fully opened in 1962.

Although it was no longer officially used after the 2001 realignment, the BCTV name is respected and known in BC on CHAN-TV.

Ray Peters was the powerhouse behind BCTV from around its 1960 launch to January 1990.

Having begun in the sales portion, Ray Peters made his ascent to the BCTV (CHAN-TV) leadership in 1961, when it began to carry some programs from CTV, which it formally joined not long after.

Not confined to BCTV, Ray Peters also served as WIC's President and CEO from 1978 to 1989.

When Ray Peters joined in 1960, BCTV (CHAN-TV) was in debt and had a struggling situation.

But by the time Ray Peters retired in January 1990, BCTV (CHAN-TV) had turned into a financial and ratings success.

From 1975 to December 2009, Tony Parsons was the main news anchor for BCTV, delivering its 6 p.m. newscast called the News Hour, doubling as news and public affairs VP since 1998.

Cameron Bell was BCTV's news director from the late-1960's to 1989.

Under Cameron Bell, BCTV pioneered a tabloid news approach that revolutionized television news in British Columbia and helped this station dethrone the CBC's ratings crown.

In addition, Tony Parsons anchored Canada Tonight, produced by BCTV for WIC television stations outside British Columbia, from its 1993 inception to its 2001 demise.

Bill Good anchored Canada Tonight in its local BCTV version from its 1993 launch to its 2001 end.

Norm Grohmann was the primary weatherman for BCTV (CHAN-TV), lasting in separate stints until 1998.

For his humorous approach/wit doing the weather on BCTV, Norm Grohmann had earned popularity.

Between Norm Grohmann's departure and return, Fred Latremouille filled in his shoes.

Wayne Cox carried on the legacy begun by Norm Grohmann and Fred Latremouille.

Until 1997, Bernie Pascall, John McKeachie and Barry Houllihan alternated doing sports for BCTV's newscasts.

Squire Barnes, Barry Deley, Keith Wells and Jay Janower replaced the sports team comprising Bernie Pascall, John McKeachie and Barry Houllihan on BCTV in 1997.

Jim Conrad, who was rooted in Canadian radio, served as the primary announcer for BCTV, doing its promos, tags and news intros from the early-1990's to August 2001.

From 1996 to 2001, Jim Conrad famously opened BCTV's newscasts (especially the News Hour) with these words: "Live, from BCTV, here are tonight's...top stories."

After three main news headlines were summarized live on BCTV, Jim Conrad also delivered a famous hand-off with: "Right now, the News Hour, with Tony Parsons."

When its promos end, Jim Conrad announced the words: "on BCTV," "TV for BC" or "BCTV."

The huge success/popularity of the News Hour on BCTV stemmed from its formula being made by its collective trio of architects.

Ray Peters' management, Cameron Bell's editorial direction and Tony Parsons' on-air presence are just some factors in the formula that made the News Hour on BCTV a profound success.

Jack Webster, well-known as the king of the Vancouver airwaves, is the host of the eponymous BCTV current affairs program called Webster!

Having aired at 9 a.m. from its October 1978 inception to 1986 (during Expo 86), Webster! discusses issues important to British Columbians.

The signature catchphrase for Jack Webster on BCTV's Webster! program is "9 a.m. precisely."

A Current Affair came from WNYW, which featured both Mark Monsky and John Parsons Peditto.

Mark Monsky and John Parsons Peditto also created Hard Copy for Paramount Domestic Television.

Prior to ITN, the BBC's television news program was simply film with voice narration.

ITN countered the BBC's television news formula with on-camera anchors, on-the-scene reporters and more human interest stories.

Launched in the late-1960's, News at Ten (ITV) is the United Kingdom's first daily half-hour television newscast on a permanent basis, but also the ratings leader in British television news in its first run.

Despite a trial run lasting 13 weeks, News at Ten (ITV) quickly became a huge success.

Before News at Ten (ITV), short newscasts, with a man-on-camera format, lasted a quarter-hour.

With News at Ten (ITV), half-hour newscasts became a fixture in British television news; a two-person news team taking turns to bring flexibility and personality to the news desk became firm as well.

Some of the innovations that made News at Ten (ITV) successful include a more in-depth and detailed outlook on hard news, populist stories and issues and on-the-scene reports.

The "...And Finally" story is an often humorous end piece to send the viewing audience to bed after 30 minutes of dramatic news at the end of each and every News at Ten (ITV) broadcast.

Just before the "...And Finally" story on News at Ten (ITV), the anchor recaps the day's headlines.

When the "...And Finally" story on News at Ten (ITV) ended, the anchor signed off with the catchy and simple farewell: "And that's the news tonight. Good night."

The person, who is mostly associated with this original News at Ten (ITV) version, doubled as the main political voice for ITV; his first name was Alastair.

Aside from the news anchor mostly being associated with this original News at Ten (ITV) version (who was also ITV's political voice) named Alastair, other faces became known through this program.

Reginald Bosanquet, Andrew Gardner, Sandy Gail, Anna Ford, John Suchet and Trevor McDonald are some of the other ITN faces who became known through News at Ten (ITV).

The other Alastair for ITN anchoring News at Ten (ITV) is Alastair Stewart.

From 1972 to 1977, Andrew Gardner and Reginald Bosanquet formed one of the most well-liked news teams on British television through News at Ten (ITV).

Known as the Morecambe and Wise of television news, the news team comprising the likes of Andrew Gardner and Reginald Bosanquet won popularity for their chemistry on News at Ten (ITV).

During their run as a respected duo on News at Ten (ITV), which lasted from 1972 until 1977, Andrew Gardner acted as the straight man to Reginald Bosanquet's flamboyant style.

Plus, the team of Andrew Gardner and Reginald Bosanquet on News at Ten (ITV) pioneered a chatting approach used at the end of each and every newscast.

Both Andrew Gardner and Reginald Bosanquet have transfomed News at Ten (ITV) into a popular and successful news institution in the UK and the world with their chemistry.

The news team of Andrew Gardner and Reginald Bosanquet on News at Ten (ITV) ended in 1977, the latter remaining for another two years, pairing with Anna Ford, who joined in February 1978.

Geoffrey Cox, who was born in New Zealand (and who had served as the news editor for ITN since the mid-1950's), created News at Ten (ITV).

Brian Henderson served as the primary anchor for National Nine News at 6 p.m. in Sydney/New South Wales, and Brian Naylor did the same for this newscast in Melbourne/Victoria.

Together, both Brian Henderson and Brian Naylor dominated National Nine News in their markets.

Incidentally, due to the success of the two Brians (Brian Henderson and Brian Naylor), National Nine News was the ratings leader for many years until the 21st century.

Chuck Faulkner was the first news anchor on Australian television, whereas Alan Wilkie was the first weather forecaster in this field.

Since its debut in the mid-1950's, Chuck Faulkner was the weeknight news anchor for TCN-9.

Meanwhile, Brian Henderson did the weekend newscasts for TCN-9 since 1957.

In the mid-1960's, Brian Henderson replaced Chuck Faulkner as the primary anchor for National Nine News in Sydney/New South Wales, staying until 2002.

Alan Wilkie was the primary meteorologist for National Nine News in Sydney/New South Wales from 1977 to 2001, often working with Brian Henderson.

Mike Gibson and Ken Sutcliffe respectively did sports during Brian Henderson's tenure for TCN-9.

Eric Pearce was the primary anchor for National Nine News in Melbourne/Victoria in separate periods until 1978, when Brian Naylor replaced him.

During Brian Naylor's later tenure, Rob Gell did the weather forecasts, whereas Tony Jones did sports, forging an iconic news team on National Nine News in Melbourne/Victoria.

The successful two Brians (Brian Henderson and Brian Naylor) on National Nine News, both serving Sydney/New South Wales and Melbourne/Victoria, retired in 1998 and 2002, both in November.

Peter Hitchener, who anchored the weekend newscasts for National Nine News in Melbourne/Victoria, replaced Brian Naylor on weeknights on November 30, 1998.

Since November 30, 1998, in his first 5 years as the main weeknight anchor for National Nine News in Melbourne/Victoria, Peter Hitchener's tenure had earned ratings success.

Ian Ross, who was an anchor for National Nine News in Sydney/New South Wales, went to Seven with David Leckie, Peter Meakin and John Stephens, in an effort to make its turnaround.

Eventually, by 2005, Seven's turnaround, spearheaded by the efforts made by former Nine stalwarts Ian Ross, David Leckie, Peter Meakin and John Stephens, paid off.

Dougal Stevenson, Philip Sherry and Bill Toft are the first news anchors on New Zealand television.

In 1986, the traditional single-anchor news format being used by TVNZ was replaced by a two-person news team taking turns to bring flexibility and personality to the news desk.

Neil Billington and Judy Bailey were the first anchors in this new two-person news format for TVNZ.

Richard Long replaced Neil Billington to join Judy Bailey, starting a long-lasting partnership.

From its launch in November 1989 to February 1998, 3 National News used the single-anchor concept being formerly used by TVNZ from 1969 to 1986.

Tagesschau (ARD) and Heute (ZDF) are the main newscasts in Germany's public television sector.

For years, both Tagesschau (ARD) and Heute (ZDF) have used the traditional single-anchor format.

Karl Heinz-Koepcke, known as Mr. Tagesschau for his longevity, had set standards for television news presentation in Germany, Switzerland and Austria.

Gerhard Klarner, known as Mr. Heute, loves American culture, especially jazz, city life and literature.

While Sat.1 aired short newscasts, in cooperation with the FAZ newspaper, upon its 1984 launch, RTL Plus aired 7 Vor 7, the first full-length newscast within Germany's private television sector.

Upon its 1984 launch, 7 Vor 7 was an unconventional news program on RTL Plus, providing a stylistic contrast to both Tagesschau (ARD) and Heute (ZDF) on a national basis.

The noted innovation for 7 Vor 7 (RTL Plus) was a dynamic American-influenced news presentation.

Due to the fast-paced, tabloid and aggressive approach in its American-influenced format, 7 Vor 7 (RTL Plus) established news programming in Germany's private television sector.

Plus, 7 Vor 7 (RTL Plus) broke the duopoly held by both Tagesschau (ARD) and Heute (ZDF).

Luxembourg was the first location for 7 Vor 7 (RTL Plus); four years after its 1984 launch, it moved to Cologne, prompted by the need to offer better terrestrial broadcast reception.

A few months after moving to Cologne, 7 Vor 7 (RTL Plus) became RTL Aktuell.

Hans Meiser, whose journalistic career was rooted in radio with his American-style approach, was the first anchor for RTL Aktuell from its 1984 launch to the early-1990's.

Peter Kloeppel was the main anchor/managing editor for RTL Aktuell from the 1990's to the 2020's.

Ulrike von der Groeben served as the sports anchor for RTL Aktuell, having usually worked with Peter Kloeppel from the early-1990's until the 2020's.

With the strategy being made by Peter Kloeppel, RTL Aktuell has become a ratings success.

RTL Nachtjournal is the first late-night television newscast in Germany.

The success created by RTL Nachtjournal led to other late-night television newscasts in Germany, like Nachtmagazin (ARD), Heute Nacht (ZDF) and Die Nacht - Sat.1 Nachrichten.

Jacobo Zabludovsky was the main anchor for 24 Horas (Televisa) for 26+ years.

As Mexico's first television news program entirely produced by a dedicated news team from the same network without articles from newspapers, 24 Horas (Televisa) was the most-watched ever.

For its own news coverage, 24 Horas (Televisa) favoured the then-ruling PRI party, having been biased towards the government.

Plus, 24 Horas (Televisa) incorporated interviews and direct telephone calls from reporters.

In the 1990's decade, in response to criticisms surrounding Televisa and limited freedom of expression being introduced, changes came to the Mexican media landscape.

Ricardo Salinas Pliego, a businessman, purchased most of the assets held by Imevision to become TV Azteca in 1993; months later, its own newscast Hechos began.

Emilio Azcarraga Milmo, who served as Televisa's president since 1972, died in April 1997 in Miami, Florida; his younger son Emilio Azcarraga Jean ascended to the post.

Modernizing Televisa is what Emilio Azcarraga Jean did through many aspects, one of which was to cancel 24 Horas.

With those changes to Mexican media in the 1990's, 24 Horas (Televisa) came to an end with Jacobo Zabludovsky leaving this program.

Federico Wilkins had developed the fast-paced, tabloid and aggressive approach at rival TV Azteca's Hechos, which was carried over to Televisa.

Teletrece was once the ratings leader in Chilean television news, having used a more independent and professional approach than the pro-government newscast 60 Minutos (TVN).

24 Horas (TVN) has been the ratings leader in Chilean television news since the mid-1990's.

Bernardo de la Maza and Cecilia Serrano were the first faces of 24 Horas (TVN), which started at the dawn of the democratic era for Chile in October 1990.

Meanwhile, 24 Horas (Panamericana) had been the ratings leader in Peruvian television news until the late-1990's.

Humberto Martinez Morosini was the face of 24 Horas (Panamericana) from its 1973 debut to 1997.

QAP Noticias (or QAP) is a former news program produced by TV13 (or TV-13) and backed by Nobel Prize in Literature recipient Gabriel Garcia Marquez.

Maria Elvira Samper and Maria Isabel Rueda are journalists who created QAP.

Before QAP, television news in Colombia had a staid approach: it was state-run and tied to political or economic corporations.

However, QAP had earned its reputation for its independent, often critical, investigative journalism.

For QAP, it broke the mold for Colombian television news: the nation's first television news service to come from its purpose-built studios and to use microwave equipment.

What led to the launch of QAP was the licensing reforms in the early-1990's.

Despite being short-lived, QAP was one of the most innovative television news programs in Colombia, helping to modernize this field.

Canal A (Inravision) aired QAP from the early-1990's until December 1997.

TV Patrol (ABS-CBN) and 24 Oras (GMA Network) have been the main forces in the television news scene in the Philippines since the dawn of its democratic era in 1986.

What distinguished TV Patrol from other Filipino newscasts in the past was its tabloid approach.

Seputar Indonesia (RCTI) is Indonesia's first television newscast within its private sector, lasting from November 1989 to October 2017.

Buletin Malam (RCTI) is the first television newscast on a private network in Indonesia to offer world news stories, lasting until February 2009.

Nuansa Pagi and Buletin Siang, aside from Seputar Indonesia and Buletin Malam, are the morning and afternoon newscasts on RCTI.

With both Nuansa Pagi and Buletin Siang, they were the first newscasts aired in both the mornings and daytime within Indonesia's private television sector.

Pete Langlois, who came from KCRA-TV, an NBC station in Sacramento, honed RCTI's programming and operational strategy based on  networks.

February 2009 was when RCTI unified all its newscasts under one Seputar Indonesia banner.

On July 13, 1948, United Press agreed with Fox's Movietone News service to shoot news film for local television stations across the United States.

United Press Movietone (UPMT) had innovations in the news-gathering business for television.

With the BBC as its first European client, United Press Movietone became the first agency in television news to operate on a truly international level.

In the mid-1960's, UPI ended its partnership with Fox-Movietone, the latter remaining in the newsreel business, also resulting in the loss of its contract with the BBC.

Meanwhile, UPI set up a new entity of its own called United Press International News Film (UPIN).

The BBC's main domestic rival ITN joined forces with United Press International to form United Press International Television News (UPITN) in the late-1960's era.

UPI suffered financial difficulties, and in the early-1980's, sold its stake in UPITN, which was renamed Worldwide Television News (WTN) in 1985.

Stakes in WTN, which ITN partly owned, were by ABC (America) and the Nine Network (Australia).

With the other broadcasters from the British Commonwealth and the Rank Organization, the BBC also formed Visnews, with Reuters joining in 1960.

From 1957 to 1993, Visnews, based in London, served as the primary non-American competitor of the US-involved UPITN/WTN agency, which formerly had the BBC as its first European client.

Changes in Visnews came in the late-1960's period, when Rank left Visnews and Reuters took a bigger interest.

NBC, which, since 1962, had a long-term partnership with Visnews, acquired a minority interest in this London-based television news agency, effective January 1, 1989.

Television News Inc. (TVN) is a short-lived syndicated news service, offering daily news film feeds to independent television stations in the United States and Canada from 1973 to 1975.

Joseph Coors, a Colorado businessman with conservative views, owned a majority stake in Television News Inc., a conservative alternative to the Big Three networks, whose news output was liberal.

Robert Pauley, a former ABC Radio executive, was the chief executive for Television News Inc.

Visnews, a UPITN rival formed by the BBC and other Commonweath broadcasters, had owned a small stake in Television News Inc.

TVN (partly-held by Visnews, which the BBC and Reuters held) took the US business of its competitor UPITN (partly-held by ITN, which was the BBC's main domestic rival) in 1974.

In January 1975, TVN disclosed plans to change newsfeed distribution from a long-distance phone line method to a satellite delivery one, using Westar 1, which could send HBO to a national level.

Like HBO's own innovative satellite distribution proposal, TVN's plan was equally-innovative in that it marked the first full use of an American domestic satellite for television program distribution.

Having suffered financial difficulties and having not executed a proposed satellite distribution plan that would have made it a pioneer, TVN closed in 1975 after Coors withdrew its financial support.

Reese Schonfeld, Roger Ailes and Dennis Swanson were notable members of the TVN personnel.

Upon its 1974 purchase of the American business of its rival UPITN, Reese Schonfeld became TVN's Vice President of Operations.

Meanwhile, Roger Ailes worked at TVN from January 1975 to its September 1975 closure.

Plus, Dennis Swanson, who formerly worked in Chicago television, first at the WGN stations in 1966, then at the Chicgao hub of NBC News joined TVN in 1974.

After TVN closed its doors in 1975, Reese Schonfeld founded his own newsfeed distributor named the Independent Television News Association (ITNA).

For ITNA, it was a non-profit independent alternative to the Big Three networks.

Not related to the British television news provider ITN, which partly owned UPITN, for whom Reese Schonfeld worked, ITNA was based at WPIX in the Daily News Building in New York.

John Corporon, the news director for WPIX from 1972 to 1996, was also ITNA's first president.

Using Westar 1, which also carried HBO for its national launch, ITNA had provided both pooled news coverage and newsfeed to independent stations in the United States.

Before ITNA, non-Big Three television stations in the United States relied on film or videotape via air freight for news syndication.

However, ITNA was the first company to provide a daily satellite-delivered news service to America's independent television stations.

ITNA marked the end of the traditional "film via air" era for indies.

With ITNA's successful satellite plan, Reese Schonfeld joined Ted Turner to launch CNN.

Countering the humorous tone of the 17 Update program on WTCG, CNN used a serious, dramatic and hard-hitting tone.

Satcom 1, which already carried other pioneering cable networks like HBO and TBS, also carried CNN upon its 1980 debut, after its intended satellite Satcom 3 failed to reach orbit and was lost.

Besides Reese Schonfeld, whose ITNA came from WPIX, Ted Kavanau, who began the first primetime newscast in New York through rival WNEW-TV, was also involved with CNN's launch.

At WNEW-TV, Ted Kavanau developed the tabloid and fast-paced news style that other indie outlets in major markets across the United States also used, as well as CNN.

Ed Turner, unrelated to Ted Turner despite sharing a surname, was also involved with CNN's launch.

In 1966, Ed Turner started the 10 p.m. news format on a non-Big Three television station in the United States through WNEW-TV's sister station WTTG.

Prior to his work at WTTG, Ed Turner worked at KWTV, where he grew up with the 10 p.m. newscast time slot he later brought to a non-Big Three television station.

For both Ed Turner and Ted Kavanau, they put the 10 p.m. news model on the map of a non-Big Three station through WNEW-TV and WTTG, which Metromedia owned.

Preparing itself for its 1980 debut, CNN recruited some news veterans from the independent television landscape rather than the Big Three networks.

Reese Schonfeld, Ed Turner and Ted Kavanau are some of the notable individuals from non-Big Three television stations who were involved in CNN's launch.

Sam Zelman, who revolutionized local news in both North America and the world with a newscast that would last over a quarter-hour through KNXT, was also involved with CNN's launch.

Turner Broadcasting System sold WRET-TV, which used NBC, to Group W/Westinghouse to raise the capital needed for its new venture CNN; under Group W, it was renamed WPCQ-TV.

Daniel Schorr, who was one of the later recruits of the legendary newsman Edward R. Murrow at CBS News, was CNN's first on-air employee and its Senior Washington Correspondent.

Bernard Shaw, a recruit of another legendary newsman Walter Cronkite at CBS News, was CNN's first official news anchor.

ITNA, which was a early template for CNN, both of which Reese Schonfeld co-founded, was also the company where Daniel Schorr freelanced.

For both Daniel Schorr and Bernard Shaw, they were correspondents on the CBS Evening News with Walter Cronkite.

As one of the CBS News personnel directly being recruited by Edward R. Murrow, Daniel Schorr also worked with Walter Cronkite, often contributing to the CBS Evening News.

On the other hand, Bernard Shaw, who named Edward R. Murrow his idol, served in the United States Marine Corps, during which time he met Walter Cronkite, the latter two from CBS News.

Chicken Noodle Network is the nickname that some people used to mock CNN before (and after) its launch.

Some noted aspects that led some people to mock CNN before (and after) its launch include its on-air gaffes, its technical issues and a perceived rag in 24-hour television news.

Plus, before (and after) its launch, CNN had fewer resources than the Big Three networks.

In addition, many people also believed that a 24-hour television news channel in CNN would lead to a boring experience.

Daniel Schorr and Bernard Shaw, both already using CBS News experience (under the legacy that both Edward R. Murrow and Walter Cronkite began), brought credibility to the upstart CNN.

With Daniel Schorr and Bernard Shaw, both hailing from CBS, CNN bridged the gap between the high standards of journalism they honed at broadcast TV and cable TV in its early low-budget era.

Although Daniel Schorr left CNN in 1985, Bernard Shaw held on, working at CNN for an additional sixteen years until 2001.

Hired by Reese Schonfeld, both Daniel Schorr and Bernard Shaw, as well as others, overcame CNN's reputation of being Chicken Noodle Network.

The husband-and-wife anchor team from Sacramento, Dave Walker and Lois Hart, delivered the first newscast from CNN upon its launch.

Lou Dobbs, who previously worked at KING-TV in Seattle and KTVK in Phoenix, was the last of the original anchors to leave the CNN launch team.

Mary Alice Williams, who was born in Minneapolis-St. Paul, where she began her career at KSTP, and who also came from WPIX and WNBC-TV, was also a CNN trailblazer.

Having been one of the original CNN personnel, Mary Alice Williams oversaw the building of its New York hub at the World Trade Centre.

Don Farmer and his wife Chris Curle also arrived at CNN from ABC, the earlier being its Washington reporter on a national basis, the latter working at WJLA-TV.

Nick Charles and Fred Hickman, both of whom started their television careers at WICS, were CNN's iconic sports anchors.

On August 12, 1981, ABC joined Group W/Westinghouse to form their own news venture.

In response, Turner launched its response to the ABC/Group W news service with its similar format.

CNN's faster-paced service CNN2, later known as CNN Headline News, started operations 19 months after its original launch.

Driving the vision for CNN2/CNN Headline News was Ted Kavanau.

The Satellite News Channel (SNC) was a joint venture between ABC Video Enterprises and Group W Satellite Communications, doubling as the first rival to CNN.

Just over one year after its launch, SNC, together with its transponders, was bought and shut down by Turner Broadcasting System.

With Turner's purchase of SNC, many cable providers carrying SNC would carry either CNN or, more frequently, CNN Headline News.

CNN produced an hour-long weeknight newscast for WTBS called the TBS Evening News.

At 10 p.m. Eastern Time, the TBS Evening News delivered national and international news stories, plus national weather and sports, due to the national superstation status being held by WTBS.

In July 1984, the TBS Evening News made the move to CNN and was relaunched as the CNN Evening News.

Meanwhile, CNN Headline News assumed production responsibilities for TBS NewsWatch.

At first, TBS NewsWatch was produced in-studio with an on-screen anchor format by WTBS, but with CNN Headline News, changed to video content with voice narration.

The CNN Headline News simulcasts were also aired on SuperStation WTBS.

By loosening the public affairs programming requirements held by the FCC, both the TBS NewsWatch segments and the CNN Headline News simulcasts were phased out in 1996.

The first two CNN presidents, like Reese Schonfeld, came from UPITN, a joint venture between United Press International and ITN.

Georgia-born Tom Johnson was the third CNN president, hailing from the Los Angeles Times.

During its first decade, CNN lagged behind the established evening newscasts being aired on network television in the United States.

However, CNN's coverage of the first Gulf War made it a major force in 24-hour television news.

Whilst other broadcasters lost communication links, CNN used a working four-wire telephone line that allowed them to broadcast live from Baghdad during the first Gulf War.

Robert Wiener and Eason Jordan installed a link from Baghdad to CNN during the first Gulf War.

The trio that comprised Bernard Shaw, Peter Arnett and John Holliman brought CNN to unprecedented success and popularity during Operation Desert Storm, due to Robert Wiener's telephone link.

Peter Arnett was the sole CNN voice from Al-Rashid after Bernard Shaw and John Holliman left.

Beyond North America, CNN International distributed the American counterpart's coverage of the first Gulf War to many other countries around the world.

Global broadcasters aired CNN's coverage of the first Gulf War, some in the Arab world, where, before this conflict, television news was state-controlled and state-run.

The success of the first Gulf War, as covered by CNN, spurred Waleed bin Ibrahim Al Ibrahim, a Saudi businessman educated in the United States, to begin MBC as part of his ARAvision group.

London, England was chosen as the base for the first headquarters of Waleed bin Ibrahim Al Ibrahim's MBC service.

Having been MBC's first site, London had freedom of press and a neutral and independent territory.

Except Lebanon, television stations around the Arab world were state-controlled and used prerecorded news coverage, often focusing on government announcements and.ceremonial events.

Backed by Saleh Kamel and the Saudi royals, Waleed bin Ibrahim Al Ibrahim's MBC had professional Western-made broadcast production standards previously unused in the Arab world.

The 1986 Space Shuttle tragedy and the Jessica McClure rescue also contributed to CNN shedding its initially-derided perception, besides the first Gulf War.

Fionnuala Sweeney, who was a journalist at RTÉ since the late-1980's after a stint at pirate radio, also served as the host of the 1993 Eurovision Song Contest.

Incidentally, hosting the 1993 Eurovision Song Contest, presented by RTÉ, was Fionnuala Sweeney's worldwide breakthrough, making her known to a wider audience outside Ireland.

Besides, Fionnuala Sweeney worked at CNN for 21 years from the mid-1990's to the mid-2010's.

Hired by CNN, a year after her Eurovision breakthrough, Fionnuala Sweeney bridged the gap between Eurovision's glitzy and glamorous entertainment and CNN's serious global news and information.

WPIX was the originating station for Independent Network News (INN), which was the national news extension of the television service of the New York Daily News.

Just before INN's launch, WPIX reunited Bill Jorgensen with John Corporon, both of whom came from WNEW-TV, where they launched New York's first primetime newscast in the late-1960's.

Having been a national news alternative for non-Big Three television stations in the United States, INN started on June 9, 1980, 8 days after CNN's launch on June 1.

Incidentally, Ted Kavanau, who also came from WNEW-TV, developed the tabloid and fast-paced news style that other non-Big Three outlets and CNN used in the late-1960's.

Besides Bill Jorgensen, Steve Bosh and Pat Harper also co-anchored INN.

Responding to competitive pressure from CNN and INN, both of which provided more comprehensive national news alternatives for independent stations, ITNA closed its doors.

Distributed by Tribune Entertainment, INN was seen over non-Big Three stations that lacked in-house production capabilities for a news program.

SSS launched the Satellite Program Network (SPN), which became Tempo Television.

Tempo Television's transponder space was sold by SSS to NBC in the late-1980's, and NBC used it to launch the Consumer News and Business Channel (CNBC) in 1989.

Roger Ailes was hired by NBC in August 1993 to be the President of CNBC, tasked by NBC CEO Bob Wright to turn around this then-ailing channel.

Despite Roger Ailes' short reign as its president, CNBC made its turnaround; its spin-off channel called America's Talking, which Roger Ailes created, had low-budget discussion programs.

In January 1996, NBC announced plans to partner with Microsoft to begin MSNBC, both on cable and online, with the satellite transponder that America's Talking used, ending the latter network's life.

Having disagreed over NBC's decision to partner with Microsoft to start MSNBC, Roger Ailes left and moved from NBC to Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation empire to launch Fox News Channel.

Both MSNBC and Fox News Channel were the first rivals to CNN since SNC folded.

Incidentally, Reese Schonfeld and Roger Ailes, both involved with the former TVN news film service, played roles in guiding CNN, CNBC, MSNBC (using the AT transponder) and Fox News.

During its initial years, from 1996 to 2002, Fox News lagged behind CNN, but still made its first steps towards surpassing the latter.

Since January 2002, Fox News has officially been the top-rated news channel in the United States.

9/11 and its aftermath were the catalysts for Fox News officially earning the ratings crown in January 2002.

Although he left (and died), Roger Ailes' own influence on Fox News (the "Fox look" and pacing) still remains; it shifts towards personality-driven digital content, however.

For HBO, TBS and CNN, they are pioneers in satellite-delivered cable television.

Charles Dolan was to cable infrastructure in urban areas and non-commercial premium television what Ted Turner was to superstations and 24-hour news channels.

In October 1996, Turner merged with Time Warner, which ran 20% of the earlier's stake in the past.

HBO, Cinemax, TBS, CNN, CNN Headline News and TNT became sister channels with the 1996 Time Warner/Turner merger.

In the Arab world, MBC has maintained dominance, especially through MBC1 and Al-Arabiya.

The flagship newscast on MBC1 initially aired at 6 p.m. before moving to the iconic 9 p.m. time slot.

Nicole Tannoury is the first woman to anchor the news on a pan-Arabic channel.

Plus, Nicole Tannoury is the first woman to anchor worldwide cable news in Arabic, and to present the news in the Arab world while standing up and using video wall.

As the main anchor for the flagship newscast on MBC at both 6 p.m. and 9 p.m. during its London and Dubai tenures, Nicole Tannoury has been a television news pioneer in the Arab world.

Liliane Tannoury, not related to Nicole Tannoury, is a sportscaster on Al-Arabiya, which is MBC's own sister news channel.

Olina El-Hajj, Mayssoun Azzam and Ola Al-Fares are also highly-popular women in MBC's channels.

Nashwa Al-Ruwaini is the Oprah Winfrey of the Arab world.

In Vietnam, CNN has a presence.

For the 10th anniversary of the Fall of Saigon, CNN used the Lotus satellite earth station to deliver its signal back to the United States in April 1985.

By the early-1990's, due to Doi Moi, VTV was permitted to use a satellite to air CNN International.

When Vietnam's first pay television service via MMDS launched its operations in the mid-1990's, CNN International was one of its first four channels.

Initially, in order to watch CNN International in Vietnam, viewers required special licenses.

Coaxial-based cable services deployed around 2002, eliminating the need for viewers to have special licenses to watch CNN International.

Metropolitan places in Australia have three commercial television channels, plus the ABC and SBS.

Regional television stations in Australia operated under the solus system, where most viewers provided access to one local commercial station, plus the ABC and later SBS.

Under the solus system, commercial television stations in Australia's rural/regional places were fiercely independent and were not affiliated with any metro-based network.

This solus system meant allowing Australia's rural/regional television outlets to offer programs from all metro-based networks, as well as local programs.

During the era of the solus system, regional television in Australia endured a localized and independent approach (unique logos, locally-produced programs and low-budget presentation).

With aggregation, regional television in Australia became equal to their metropolitan counterparts.

For the solus system, it means that television stations located in Australia's rural/regional places have a basic and archaic look.

However, aggregation means using the high-gloss and metro-based look for Australia's regional areas.

Conversely, aggregation in Australia's regional television scene leads to a decline in independent local television content, a loss that a local identity suffered and reduced local employment in production.

This aggregation process was made possible through the Aussat system, which was the first domestic communications satellite system in Australia.

With its first two satellites launched in 1985 via NASA's Space Shuttle, plus a third one by an Ariane rocket, Aussat changed telecommunications down under.

Australia's aggregation model is studied and referenced by other countries seeking to modernize their television landscapes in a Western-like approach after the end of the Cold War.

Some of the regions seeking to modernize television in a Western-like approach in the post-Cold War period include the Eastern Bloc, the Arab world and South and Southeast Asia.

Besides, Australia's regional TV aggregation model recalls America's cable television channels, which started on a low-budget and regional basis, then scaled nationally via satellite.

Noted US cable channels recalling Australia's regional television scene in this post-aggregation period include HBO, TBS and CBN.

Incidentally, both HBO and TBS are cable TV pioneers being held by TimeWarner, the latter of which spawned its sisters like CNN, the first 24-hour television news in the world.

Glasnost and perestroika, which are policies that Mikhail Gorbachev spearheaded, led many television services in the Eastern Bloc to modernize themselves, along with Solidarity, led by Lech Walesa.

The first Gulf War, as covered by CNN, modernized the technology and speed of television journalism around the world, moving towards continous, live 24-hour news reports.

Lowell Thomas, Walter Winchell, Edward R. Murrow, Douglas Edwards, John Cameron Swayze, Chet Huntley, David Brinkley and Walter Cronkite shape broadcast journalism.

Whether on ABC Sports, ABC News, CNN, ESPN or many other television networks across the world, Roone Arledge's innovations take news and sports to a cinematic level.