Recording studios

Abbey Road, Landsdowne, IBC. Olympic, RAK, Anvil, Sarm, Angel and Cine-Tele Sound (CTS) are some of the innovative recording studios.

Bill Putnam, Les Paul, Mary Ford, Tom Dowd and Bruce Swedien are noted recording pioneers.

A year after the Second World War ended, Bill Putnam founded Universal Recording Corporation in Evansville, Illinois, later moving to Chicago.

While at Universal Recording, Bill Putnam pioneered innovations, including vocal booths, multi-track recording and artificial reverberation.

In 1957, Bill Putnam sold his interest in Universal Recording Corporation and moved to California to found United Recording Corporation.

UREI and Universal Audio are some of the notable innovations that Bill Putnam pioneered at United Recording Corporation.

Les Paul and Mary Ford likewise pioneered innovations.

Tom Dowd popularized stereo sound and the eight-track recording system for commercial music.

Rotary knobs have downsides, but Tom Dowd pioneered linear channel faders on audio mixers to allow better control of multiple tracks

Just before he founded Universal Recording Corporation, Bill Putnam worked at the American Forces Network (AFN).

During the Cold War era, especially during the 1950's and the 1960's, AFN had large civilian audiences across Europe, as national public radio stations rarely played American music.

In Communist nations, no American music was played, since their radio stations was state-operated.

For people who lived in the Eastern Bloc during the Cold War, they tuned in to AFN as an alternative connection to the West.

Besides, unlike radio stations like Radio Free Europe, AFN was not jammed by the Soviets.

Having promoted American soft power, the American Forces Network (AFN) has played a key role in spreading US culture and music around the world.

Many world-famous non-American musicians have their work being influenced by AFN broadcasts.

The regular AFRTS television service began with CSL-TV in the Azores in October 1954, following an experimental asset located at Limestone Air Force Base began in December 1953.

CSL-TV resulted in the launch of the regular television operations through AFRTS affiliates around the world; this was after Marilyn Monroe's iconic and world-famous pop culture moments in 1954.

One of the notable moments for Marilyn Monroe was in February 1954, when she came to South Korea after the Korean War for a 4-day USO tour to entertain US troops, braving the cold weather.

For Marilyn Monroe, her 1954 visit to South Korea revitalized/reenergized US military morale after the Korean War, leading to AFRTS starting its regular television operations.

Plus, in September 1954, Marilyn Monroe first filmed a scene with a flying white skirt dress; it was an entertainment stable for US military personnel worldwide through AFRTS.

American music - spanning generations from Marilyn Monroe to modern pop music icons like Aretha Franklin, Madonna, Whitney Houston, Mariah Carey and Britney Spears - are on AFN.

Jubilee is a radio program featuring African-American music icons, aired all around the world through AFRTS from 1942 to 1953.

In addition, Loretta Young, whose husband founded AFN, also served as the part-owner of the Beverly Hills Hotel, at which Marilyn Monroe stayed during the production of her 1960 film.

Numbers 1 and 7 are bungalows of the Beverly Hills Hotel that Marilyn Monroe favoured.