Lowell Thomas delivered the first television news broadcast on a commercial level on July 1, 1941 via WNBT (and NBC), which Sunoco sponsored, at fifteen minutes to 7 p.m. (or a quarter to 7).

Richard Hubbell also had the second commercial TV newscast at 8 p.m. via WCBW (and CBS), which came after Lowell Thomas' Sunoco newscast on WNBT (and NBC), also on July 1, 1941.

This 8 p.m. WCBW newscast, which Richard Hubbell delivered, went against Lowell Thomas' Sunoco newscast on WNBT, the world's first regular news competition for commercial television.

Douglas Edwards is the first television news individual on both a national and an on-camera basis.

In addition, Douglas Edwards is also the first newsreader on television to use videotape for time-delay broadcasts.

The Ampex VRX-1000, with quadruplex videotape, used Douglas Edwards with the News on CBS.

For Douglas Edwards, he is one of the individuals who succeeded Richard Hubbell as the WCBW-TV newsreader.

John Facenda is the main news anchor for WCAU-TV from 1948 to 1973, during which it became the ratings leader in the Delaware Valley.

Some notable innovations shaping the modern local television news concept, which John Facenda had pioneered at WCAU-TV, include the 11 p.m. news and a four-person news team.

Plus, WCAU-TV is a pioneer of the format being used in television news: news-sports-weather.

During its first decade since its debut in late-May 1948, WCAU-TV was a CBS network station being owned by the Philadelphia Bulletin newspaper.

The Levy brothers, which ran WCAU during WWII, have their brother-in-law William S. Paley.

Since William S. Paley served as the brother-in-law of the Levy brothers, WCAU served as one of the original CBS affiliates.

Altogether, both Douglas Edwards and John Facenda are the first individuals to be presenting the news stories of the day on television in front of the camera on both a national and a local level.

Whereas early newscasts relied on newsreels, audio-over-slides or behind the camera readers à la radio news, both Douglas Edwards and John Facenda were telegenic newsreaders.

Lowell Thomas and Richard Hubbell were pioneering news individuals on television.

Both the Golden Spike connection via DuMont station WDTV and the historic speech to the Japanese Peace Treaty Conference by Harry S. Truman led to network television.

When regular commercial television operations began in New York, many programs have incorporated theatrical proscenium or radio layouts, separating the stage from the audience area.

In other words, the early studio set designs used by many programs coming from the New York-centric television scene were like a cardboard box, but also two-dimensional/2D canvases.

Besides, New York-centric television also used fixed/static shots, together with loud talkers.

During the early post-WWII era, some television programs were from Chicago, where Dave Garroway served as a radio disc jockey on WMAQ-AM.

For his eponymous Garroway at Large program, Dave Garroway broke television's old traditions for a more casual approach, in which the reality of the studio was acknowledged.

Using one camera, Dave Garroway walked around large studios and simple abstract sets as he directly talked to guests and television viewers for his eponymous Garroway at Large program.

Just over 2 years after NBC started Dave Garroway's eponymous Garroway at Large program, its rival CBS responded by launching See It Now with Edward R. Murrow in November.

Hear It Now, which is a former weekly radio adaptation of the I Can Hear It Now spoken-word album series from Columbia, is also the basis for Edward R. Murrow's See It Now (CBS).

The CBS television control room at Studio 41 in Grand Central Terminal houses Edward R. Murrow's innovative and groundbreaking See It Now television program.

Dave Garroway's Garroway at Large (NBC) used moving cameras and unpainted studio walls, whereas Edward R. Murrow's See It Now (CBS) featured a control room with monitors.

Both Dave Garroway's Garroway at Large (NBC) and Edward R. Murrow's See It Now (CBS) rejected traditional box-like sets in favour of the ones being treated as three-dimensional/3D canvases.

Likewise, real technical television production was exposed due to the innovations involving both Dave Garroway's Garroway at Large (NBC) and Edward R. Murrow's See It Now (CBS).

NBC also pioneered a new formula of television: early-morning television, which is being offered via Today (NBC), initially coming from the RCA Exhibition Hall.

Situated in the Rockefeller Centre complex, the RCA Exhibition Hall is based directly across from the iconic and famous headquarters of the Associated Press at 50 Rockefeller Plaza.

Contrasting to the iconic headquarters of the Associated Press, which represented print journalism, the RCA Exhibition Hall represented electronic media's fluid and transparent future.

Inside the RCA Exhibition Hall, parts of which were converted into the first Today (NBC) studio, was a newsroom/bullpen being adapted from the Associated Press at 50 Rockefeller Plaza.

Juxtaposing print journalism's industrial past, via the AP at 50 Rock, with electronic media's transparent future, via the RCA Exhibition Hall, the Today (NBC) bullpen was a television innovation.

Next to the Today (NBC) bullpen at the RCA Exhibition Hall was a desk, based behind a backdrop with clocks and television monitors.

Besides, Today (NBC) featured pedestrians on the street looking through the glass windows of the RCA Exhibition Hall to watch this program.

Plus, teletypes that came from the Associated Press (AP), United Press (UP) and the International News Service (INS) were used inside the Today (NBC) newsroom/bullpen at the RCA Exhibition Hall.

The on-screen ticker being adapted from the wire services in the Today (NBC) newsroom/bullpen at the RCA Exhibition Hall, featuring a clock display being adapted from clocks, was used.

Due to technical difficulties and having lacked viewer traction, this on-screen ticker being adapted from wire feeds for Today (NBC) was dropped after just a few months.

Undoing the past, Today (NBC) under Dave Garroway births modern broadcast design elements.

Some of the innovations surrounding the RCA Exhibition Hall for Today (NBC) under Dave Garroway include a newsroom/bullpen, a street-side studio, a news ticker and a clock display.

This borderless room, located at the RCA Exhibition Hall for Today (NBC) under Dave Garroway, was made in-house by NBC's engineering units and RCA's corporate exhibition teams.

With the RCA Exhibition Hall as its first base, Today (NBC) doubled down on the Chicago Style being honed at Dave Garroway's eponymous Garroway at Large program.

Likewise, with Dave Garroway at the helm for Today (NBC), the RCA Exhibition Hall bridged the gap between the Chicago Style, the AP newsroom/bullpen and the See It Now control room.

For Today (NBC), under Dave Garroway, the RCA Exhibition Hall mixed Chicago's creativity with the industrial newsroom/bullpen (AP) and the technical network news nerve centre (CBS).

The early-1950's US presidential election, the second one being held during the Cold War period, was likewise the first to offer television coverage on a massive and multi-faceted level.

For the early-1950's US presidential election, the newly-completed microwave/coaxial system via the American Telephone & Telegraph Company solved the issues of the past televised ones.

Chicago, in which Dave Garroway pioneered a casual television style being brought to New York, also hosted the political conventions in the early-1950's at the International Amphitheatre.

For the Republican National Convention in this early-1950's era, it was the first to be presented live on television on a national level.

Whereas past conventions, including the 1948 gatherings, were simply being televised all over the East Coast, Chicago's political conventions in the early-1950's were televised nationwide.

Using the air conditioning process being installed at the International Amphitheatre, Chicago's political conventions, held in the early-1950's, were the first to do so.

Just before Chicago's major political conventions in the early-1950's era, summer political conventions notoriously suffered heat in venues without A/C, making citizens sweaty.

However, the addition of the A/C process and the American Telephone & Telegraph Company's coaxial television uplink for Chicago's early-1950's political conventions helped modernize these rituals.

For these early-1950's political rituals, held at the International Amphitheatre in Chicago, the major US television networks erected makeshift broadcast booths inside the convention halls.

The television service with the most notice to cover Chicago's political conventions in this early-1950's period was CBS, which brought Walter Cronkite to national prominence.

Echoing Dave Garroway taking Chicago's techniques with him to New York for Today (NBC) upon its launch in the early-1950's, the Chicago political conventions led to the New York election nights.

Similar to the newsroom/bullpen being adapted from the print field by Today (NBC) for television, the major US television networks used this print-style trend for their early-1950's elections.

For Walter Cronkite, he put this newsroom/bullpen, adapted from his former United Press service, on television's political map, but also on the map of the windowless TV studio structure, via CBS.

Plus, this nationally-televised coverage of the early-1950's US presidential election was the first to be driven by computers.

One of the computers being utilized for this nationally-televised early-1950's US presidential election coverage was the UNIVAC I from Remington Rand.

Standing for the Universal Automatic Computer I, the UNIVAC I was innovative in that it was the first American-made general-purpose commercial electronic digital computer.

Magnetic tape was for mass storage and mercury delay lines for memory, both for the UNIVAC I.

With the real UNIVAC 1 iteration being deemed too heavy to carry from Philadelphia to New York, its mock-up prop was installed at CBS' unified Studios 41/42 in New York's Grand Central Terminal.

For this mock-up UNIVAC I prop, it featured blinking Christmas tree lights to create a futuristic visual effect for CBS' nationally-televised early-1950's US presidential election coverage.

NBC adapted the newsroom/bullpen from the print scene for television under Dave Garroway.

CBS adapted this newsroom/bullpen element from NBC as a studio set feature being placed in a usual structure without street-side windows for TV journalism under Walter Cronkite.

In the early-1950's, CBS Television innovated the newsroom/bullpen trend for televised election night coverage, in the mid-1960's with an evening news twist, and in March 1973 with a local twist.

For Search/Probe (1972-1973), the Probe Control Centre is a fictional room based on NASA's Mission Control Centre.

What describes the Probe Control Centre for Search/Probe (1972-1973) is the fact that it uses a similar monitor matrix to the real-life NASA Mission Control Centre.

Designing the Probe Control Centre for Search/Probe (1972-1973) is Fred Harpman.

The Probe Control Centre, which Fred Harpman had created for Search/Probe (1972-1973), is a direct inspiration for his television design for its network NBC called the NewsCentre.

Also inspiring Fred Harpman's NewsCentre studio design, in addition to Search/Probe (1972-1973), are Fantastic Voyage and Star Trek, both of which premiered in 1966.

Using architectural geometry, angled desks and glass partitions, Fred Harpman's NewsCentre set design endures a contrast with traditional 2D cardboard box-like ones.

Besides, the NewsCentre design by Fred Harpman features NASA-like banks of active video feeds/data monitors.

In addition, mezzanine/stairs also add to Fred Harpman's NewsCentre design.

Rooted in Hollywood's science fiction genre, Fred Harpman's high-tech and cinematic NewsCentre set design was made to have a working newsroom feel.

Plus, Fred Harpman's high-tech and cinematic NewsCentre studio design mirrored the boundless room inside the RCA Exhibition Hall for Today (NBC) under Dave Garroway.

Fred Harpman's NewsCentre is also based on Edward R. Murrow's See It Now (CBS) control room.

Just before the News Hour, BCTV had not fared well since its 1960 inception.

Instead, television viewers in British Columbia have to watch the early-evening newscasts south of the world's longest unguarded border, especially the CBS Evening News with Walter Cronkite.

Under both Ray Peters and Cameron Bell, in the late-1960's, BCTV launched the News Hour, which is Canada's first hour-long evening newscast.

Not long after, in 1975, BCTV also made a unique news studio set design bridging the 2 camps, which turned the News Hour into Canada's top-rated English-language newscast as well.

For BCTV, it had the NBC camp - the print-style newsroom/bullpen being used by Today (NBC) at the RCA Exhibition Hall under Dave Garroway.

One of the avid Today (NBC) viewers was future BCTV (CHAN-TV) executive Ray Peters.

Likewise, BCTV had the CBS camp - Edward R. Murrow's See It Now control room.

Incidentally, Edward R. Murrow's See It Now program serves as the CBS answer to Dave Garroway's eponymous Garroway at Large program on NBC.

Ray Peters, a future BCTV (CHAN-TV) executive, visited New York in the early-1950's era to observe American television production, when Edward R. Murrow's See It Now began.

NBC's print-style newsroom/bullpen camp, used by BCTV, evolved into the traditional print-style CBS newsroom/bullpen, featuring Walter Cronkite, who had his print roots at United Press.

Likewise, the high-tech and cutting-edge CBS control room camp, which BCTV used, evolved into the ultra-modern and cinematic NewsCentre, created for NBC by Fred Harpman.

Upon its June 1, 1980 launch, CNN used its BCTV-inspired hybrid newsroom-control room studio set design, which serves as the DNA for 24-hour television news.

Having adapted BCTV's hybrid newsroom-control room studio set for CNN was Bunky Helfrich.

The 1977 Trinity and the 1981 IBM Personal Computer are the blueprints for personal computers being included in the newsroom/bullpen for television in the modern era, evolving from the UNIVAC I.

Using both the 1977 Trinity and the 1981 IBM PC, they shifted this newsroom/bullpen production from manual and paper-based workflows into fully automated digital hubs.

Chicago, in which Dave Garroway pioneered a casual television style being brought to New York, also housed WCIU-TV, which pioneered financial news on television.

In the West Coast, KWHY-TV pioneered financial news on television, similar to WCIU-TV.

Quotron, a financial device being made in 1960 by John Scantlin and his eponymous company Scantlin Electronics, is the first to directly stream real-time stock market data to an electronic screen.

Scantlin's Quotron system replaced traditional, slow and mechanical ticker tape machines.

NASDAQ is the world's first fully electronic stock market, which evolved from Quotron.

For the Financial News Network (FNN), some of its original personnel were from KWHY-TV, such as Rodney Buscher and Eugene Inger.

Upon its 1981 launch, the Financial News Network (FNN) pioneered the scrolling digital stock market ticker being based across the lower third of the television screen on a national level.

In general, the FNN ticker had the top white band for stocks and the bottom blue band for index.

Mirroring the short-lived ticker being adapted from teletypes in the Today (NBC) bullpen under Dave Garroway, FNN's ticker is television's first continuous on-screen ticker on a national level.

Locally, this on-screen stock market ticker being created for both KWHY-TV and WCIU-TV featured scrolling text from bottom to top (vertical).

FNN's ticker featured scrolling text moving from right to left (horizontal).

Conversely, upon its mid-April 1989 launch, CNBC used a different ticker from FNN.

With the young and upstart CNBC merging with the iconic and famous, yet scandal-ridden FNN in the early-1990's, CNBC adopted/modernized FNN's scrolling 2-band digital stock market ticker.

Just prior to the Financial News Network (FNN), continuous financial and business tickers were being restricted to local TV stations for several hours.

However, FNN's true breakthrough was to make the stock market ticker a 24-hour standard.

In 1989, CNN Headline News introduced its own iteration of the CNBC/FNN stock market ticker; in December 1993, it also introduced the SportsTicker.

Fox News Channel was the first television service to utilize the general modern news ticker during the events being held in mid-September 2001.

Others, like CNN and MSNBC, followed Fox News during the mid-September 2001 events.

Modern 21st-century news studio designs cannot leave behind Dave Garroway's television traits; they instead use digital technology to merge and evolve them into flexible ecosystems.

Some of the innovative Dave Garroway traits that modern 21st-century news studio designs can never leave behind include a newsroom/bullpen, a street-side studio and a news ticker/clock display.

In addition, modern 21st-century televised election studio set designs could not also leave behind these similar Dave Garroway traits to those being used in the television news business.

Likewise, modern 21st-century business/financial news studio set designs cannot also leave the similar Dave Garroway traits behind to those being used in television news.

Just before both Dave Garroway and Edward R. Murrow, television news studio sets were divided into three separate formulas:

• News anchors sitting at one desk in a studio with a cardboard box feel behind blank walls

• Journalists working in a newsroom/bullpen being filled with teletype machines and noises

• Technical staff operating in a dark and windowless control room, featuring monitor banks

However, both Dave Garroway and Edward R. Murrow broke down the cardboard box-like television studio set walls, turning television news studio sets into three-dimensional/3D canvases.

By the mid-1950's period, the Chicago School of Television had started to fade, as television network production had become a centralized duopoly between New York and Los Angeles.

The East Coast (New York) houses American television's corporate/news operations.

Due to its proximity to Wall Street, plus its political corridors, the East Coast (New York) houses live broadcast journalism, morning news and late-night satire involving current events.

Incidentally, New York is American broadcasting's main financial and executive command centre.

As for the West Coast (Los Angeles), it uses the television industry's entertainment, variety and filmed sectors, capitalizing on.Hollywood's infrastructure and cinematic pool.

Still, the DNA of the Chicago School has had an impact on television.

The casual delivery and open-plan studio sets being rooted in television's Chicago School lead to those being used by national newscasts, nationally-televised elections and 24-hour cable news channels.

Plus, the Chicago School DNA is in sports, and most notably, social media, like YouTube and TikTok.