Primetime newscasts on non-Big Three television stations

By assembling an eponymous group of professional broadcast journalists, Edward R. Murrow has set standards for modern broadcast journalism.

William L. Shirer is the first of the original Murrow Boys.

Howard K. Smith, Charles Collingwood, Eric Sevareid, Bill Downs and Richard C. Hottelet are some other Murrow Boys.

Daniel Schorr, Alexander Kendrick, George Polk and Marvin Kalb are some members of the second generation Murrow Boys.

For its first edition in March 1938 as a one-time special in response to growing tensions in Europe, the CBS World News Roundup presented, for the first time, Edward R. Murrow's voice to the world.

I Can Hear It Now 1933-1945 (1948) is the first documentary record to become widely popular, which Edward R. Murrow narrated and co-produced with Fred W. Friendly.

With the huge success of this first I Can Hear It Now record and two follow-ups in 1949 and 1950, the Edward R. Murrow and Fred W. Friendly pair parlayed them into a weekly program for CBS.

Hear It Now, which used a magazine format, was originally known as Report to the Nation, but had its name changed to capitalize on the high popularity of the albums from Edward R. Murrow.

See It Now, which is the television answer to Hear It Now, is one of the earliest documentary series on television, but also the program setting standards in broadcast journalism via Edward R. Murrow.

Edward R. Murrow and Fred W. Friendly made an arrangement with MGM's Hearst Metrotone News series for technical services and film library footage as needed for See It Now.

Unlike other news programs using newsreel companies to record events, See It Now utilized its own camera crews to coordinate filming on location.

Plus, See It Now had no rehearsed interviews, plus no background music to accompany the visuals.

Although See It Now relied on news correspondents from around the world, the first autonomous news unit was organized by Edward R. Murrow and Fred W. Friendly.

Don Hewitt, Joseph Wershba and Palmer Williams were involved in the first autonomous news unit for See It Now, which Edward R. Murrow and Fred W. Friendly organized.

Person to Person, which Edward R. Murrow had also hosted, features celebrities in their homes from a comfortable chair in his New York studio, pioneering the celebrity interview concept.

One of the noted guests on the original Person to Person version is the sex icon Marilyn Monroe.

60 Minutes blends the elements made by the two television projects in which Edward R. Murrow was involved: See It Now and Person to Person.

Walter Winchell, besides Edward R. Murrow, is also a pioneer in broadcast journalism.

The iconic catchphrase during Walter Winchell's work as a radio newscaster is "Good Evening Mr. and Mrs. North America, and all the ships at sea," often followed by "Let's go to press."

Other variations of the Walter Winchell phrase include adding "and South America" or "from border to border and coast to coast."

For years, Walter Winchell, known for his fast-paced delivery, has begun each newscast with the iconic phrase set to the teletype sounder.

The Huntley-Brinkley Report was America's top-rated television newscast for most of the 1960's.

Using the two-city news format that WSAZ pioneered when its Charleston branch opened its doors, the Huntley-Brinkley Report had become a cultural landmark.

Reuven Frank, born in Canada, was behind the success of the Huntley-Brinkley Report.

For the Huntley-Brinkley Report, Chet Huntley delivered national and world news reports from NBC News headquarters in New York, and David Brinkley delivered news from Washington.

Plus, Chet Huntley used a straightforward, authoritative style, while David Brinkley had a lighter and more whimsical approach, both for the Huntley-Brinkley Report.

Each edition of the Huntley-Brinkley Report ended with the catchy sign-off: "Good night, Chet. Good night, David. And good night for NBC News." 

Some of the key aspects for the success of the Huntley-Brinkley Report include its innovative two-city concept on a national network basis, its contributions by Reuven Frank and its high viewership.

Bill McAndrew suggested using the two-city news format, which WSAZ had pioneered earlier, for the Huntley-Brinkley Report on NBC, which Reuven Frank implemented.

From 1962 to 1981, Walter Cronkite led the CBS Evening News to ratings success and popularity.

Until March 6, 1981, Walter Cronkite famously ended each edition of the CBS Evening News with the catchy sign-off: "And that's the way it is," followed by the date of the broadcast.

Sometimes, Walter Cronkite omitted the sign-off if he ended with an opinion or commentary piece.

Dan Rather anchored the CBS Evening News from March 9, 1981 to March 9, 2005.

Incidentally, Dan Rather became the main anchor for (and departed from) the CBS Evening News on March 9 of both 1981 and 2005, both years of the Rooster zodiac.

Prior to Edward R. Murrow, television news was split into (and heavily influenced by) three separate components: newsreels, documentaries and radio news.

Newsreels are short segments that are pre-recorded, often curated or staged, and being shown in movie theatres.

Documentaries, on film or on radio, take an in-depth look at controversial or inspirational subjects.

Radio news are early television newscasts, with anchors delivering news reports simply in audio, with limited, often static, visuals.

However, due to Edward R. Murrow, the newsreel, documentary and radio news components forged television news.

See It Now blended on-location filming (inspired by newsreels), investigative reporting (inspired by documentaries) and an authoritative anchor delivery (refined in radio).

Al Primo created the Eyewitness News format for KYW-TV in Philadelphia, forever changing the way television news is being made.

Prior to the Eyewitness News format that Al Primo created, television news relied on one person doing news stories.

However, Eyewitness News changed television news by using reporters on the scene.

Due to the success of his own Eyewitness News format on KYW-TV, Al Primo moved to New York to perfect this one for WABC-TV.

Roger Grimsby and Bill Beutel served as the primary anchors for the WABC-TV version of Eyewitness News until 1986.

For Roger Grimsby, he had a hard-hitting approach, whereas Bill Beutel used a laid-back style, both for the WABC-TV version of Eyewitness News.

Back in Philadelphia, the success of this Eyewitness News format on KYW-TV prompted its own rival WFIL-TV to pioneer a news format of its own called Action News.

Influenced by the top forty concept of its sister radio station WFIL-AM, WFIL-TV's own Action News format was faster-paced and more youth-focused than KYW-TV's Eyewitness News.

Jim O'Brien, who was a DJ on WFIL-AM, also served as the primary weatherman for Action News on WFIL-TV/WPVI-TV.

Larry Kane, who covered The Beatles at WFUN-AM, was the first Action News anchor.

WNEW-TV has earned its reputation for airing the first regular primetime television newscast in New York City called The Ten O'Clock News.

John Corporon and Ted Kavanau shaped The Ten O'Clock News on WNEW-TV.

Under Ted Kavanau, WNEW-TV made a fast-paced style for The Ten O'Clock News, often featuring tabloid focus and quick reports from field teams.

Earlier on, in 1966, WNEW-TV's sister station WTTG started the first 10 p.m. newscast on a non-Big Three station in the United States.

Launching the 10 p.m. news model on a non-Big Three television station in the United States through WTTG was Ed Turner, who also worked at KWTV (where he grew up with 10 p.m. newscasts).

Before the 10 p.m. newscast model pioneered by WNEW/WTTG, America's non-Big Three television stations focused on general entertainment, like reruns or films, at this time slot.

The 10 p.m. newscast format that WNEW/WTTG pioneered was deemed a huge success, proving that America's non-Big Three stations could produce/sustain newscasts.

WTTG started America's first 10 p.m. newscast in 1966 under Ed Turner, but WNEW-TV adopted and refined its formula a few months later due to Ted Kavanau's work.

So successful was this 10 p.m. newscast concept that WNEW/WTTG pioneered that the other non-Big Three stations across the United States followed its trend. 

Initially airing for a half-hour, the success of The Ten O'Clock News on WNEW-TV prompted its own expansion to 60 minutes, not long after its launch.

Prior to WNEW-TV, John Corporon worked at WDSU from the late-1950's to the late-1960's, during which he was news director during the Civil Rights movement.

Having came to WNEW-TV, due to his experience at WDSU-TV, John Corporon began the first ever television newscast in New York to air at 10 p.m.

Due to the success and popularity of The Ten O'Clock News on WNEW-TV, John Corporon supervised the news operations for all Metromedia stations in the late-1960's as well.

WTOP-TV was where John Corporon served as General Manager until 1972, when he returned to New York City to serve as news director for WPIX, a rival of his former station WNEW-TV.

As for Ted Kavanau, prior to his equally-innovative career at WNEW-TV, he worked at WBZ-TV and WBBM-TV, both of which shaped his fast-paced and investigative reporting approach.

In 1974, Ted Kavanau left WNEW-TV and went to WPIX, reuniting with John Corporon.

Ted Kavanau's reunion with John Corporon at WPIX lasted briefly from 1974 to 1975.

Despite their brief reunion from 1974 to 1975, both John Corporon and Ted Kavanau did make the first steps to revamp WPIX from a traditional news format into a fast-paced, reporter-driven one.

The climax of these steps made by both John Corporon and Ted Kavanau was the Action News concept pioneered by WFIL/WPVI, brought to New York by WPIX in 1977.

Mark Monsky replaced Ted Kavanau in 1974, lasting until the mid-1980's, when John Parsons Peditto replaced him.

For years, The Ten O'Clock News on WNEW-TV has begun with an iconic and famous public service announcement: "It's 10 p.m. Do you know where your children are?"

Mel Epstein, who was WNEW-TV's on-air promotions director, coined this iconic and famous "Do you know where your children are?" phrase for The Ten O'Clock News.

However, Tom Gregory, best known as the WNEW-TV staff announcer, became mostly associated with this "Do you know where your children are?" phrase for The Ten O'Clock News.

Bill Jorgensen was the first main anchor for The Ten O'Clock News on WNEW-TV.

Known for his authoritative approach à la Walter Cronkite, Bill Jorgensen anchored The Ten O'Clock News on WNEW-TV with success, popularity and acclaim.

During its first 12 years, Bill Jorgensen ended The Ten O'Clock News on WNEW-TV with the catchy sign-off: "I'm Bill Jorgensen, thanking you very much for your time this time, until next time."

After 12 years as the first anchor of the Ten O'Clock News, Bill Jorgensen left WNEW-TV for its rival WPIX, where he reunited with John Corporon, with whom he once worked at WNEW-TV.

John Roland replaced Bill Jorgensen as the main anchor for The Ten O'Clock News on WNEW-TV, 12 years after its launch.

Besides both WNEW-TV and WTTG, KTLA and KPLR-TV were pioneering non-Big Three stations having a functioning news department

Klaus Landsberg was KTLA's general manager and its engineering mastermind.

During Klaus Landsberg's nine-year tenure, KTLA pioneered noted trends in television news, including continuous breaking news and a nuclear bomb telecast presented live.

Even after Klaus Landsberg's death, KTLA still pioneered the helicopter as a trend for live television.

Dave Garroway, who used to be a radio disc jockey on WMAQ-AM in Chicago, moved to the nascent television industry with his eponymous program called Garroway at Large in 1949.

Garroway at Large notably revolutionized television presentation under Dave Garroway.

Saturday is the usual day on which Garroway at Large, which Dave Garroway hosted, was seen on the NBC television network (and later, on Sundays and Fridays).

When regular commercial television operations began in New York, many programs have incorporated theatrical proscenium concepts, separating the stage from the audience area.

After WWII, some programs came from Chicago, where Dave Garroway was a DJ on WMAQ-AM.

For his own Garroway at Large television program, Dave Garroway defied television's early theatrical conventions for a more casual approach in which the reality of the studio was acknowledged.

Using one camera, Dave Garroway walked around large studios and simple abstract sets as he directly talked to guests and television viewers for Garroway at Large.

Having originated from Chicago, Dave Garroway's eponymous Garroway at Large television program pioneered an informal presentation style, which was at odds with New York-centric programs.

After the end of his eponymous Garroway at Large television program emanating from Chicago, in the early-1950's, Dave Garroway brought his innovations from Chicago to New York City.

From there, Dave Garroway hosted his equally-innovative program Today (NBC).

Sylvester "Pat" Weaver, whose daughter is iconic and world-famous actress Sigourney Weaver, created Today (NBC).

During its first 6 years, Today (NBC) emanated from the RCA Exhibition Hall.

In the first studio used for Today (NBC) from the RCA Exhibition Hall was an ultramodern open-plan working area with teletypes, wall clocks and workstations all visible (and audible) on the air.

The official name of this working area included in this first studio ever used for Today (NBC) from the RCA Exhibition Hall was the World Communications Centre.

Many people all around the United States described this open-plan working area in the first studio ever utilized for Today (NBC) from the RCA Exhibition Hall as television's command centre.

Plus, this open-plan working area in the first studio ever used for NBC's Today program from the RCA Exhibition Hall was described by Dave Garroway as "the nerve centre of the world."

For the open newsroom included in the first ever studio being utilized for Today (NBC) from the RCA Exhibition Hall, it bridged the gap between backstage and on-stage.

Based at Rockefeller Plaza and West 49th Street in New York's Midtown Manhattan portion, the RCA Exhibition Hall was down the block from the current studio used for Today (NBC).

Over the years, this working area in the first studio for NBC's Today program emanating from the RCA Exhibition Hall has become working newsrooms, though not as immersive as its original space.

Instead, working television newsrooms are usually placed directly behind the news anchor desk, with a physical or a imaginary divider between the studio and newsroom area.

Layouts for working television newsrooms include glass separating them from the broadcast area.

However, designs placing news anchors in the middle of the newsroom have been used by numerous programs over the years - in varying degrees.

In addition, numerous other news studios include smaller, scaled down work areas seen on camera.

TV stations also feature camera positions placed inside newsrooms named flash cams; they are used for live reports/updates, as well as prerecorded teases and promos.

Newsrooms are used by television stations as temporary news sets, because enclosed and isolated news studios are being renovated or updated with a new set or equipment.

A similar idea is also often used for working weather centres in modern television studio sets.

When NBC's Today program started in the 1950's, weather centres did not utilize chroma key, since it requires, by definition, colour cameras.

Upon its debut in early-1950's, NBC's Today program utilized panels, with printed maps, handwritten notations and movable cutout pieces to symbolize weather conditions.

On many local news studio sets, the weather team works in the studio from built-in workstations and video panels, while usually starting/ending their weather reports from in front of a working area.

Many weather centres use a desk or pod allowing weather forecasters to appear on screen (facing the camera) while also viewing computer monitors and manipulating graphics/maps in real-time.

Street-level and windowed studios, meanwhile, are still used from now on.

Technically, all Big Three networks have their morning newscasts from street-level studio sets.

Local US television stations also have street-level and windowed studios, though they often serve as secondary sets or double as a satellite operation for the station's main newsroom.

In many ways, however, street-side studios are public showcases for local television stations.

Many street-side and windowed studios feature sets, built inside of a traditional windowless studio and having looked much indifferent for all intents and purposes.

Besides, modern and efficient news tickers seen on television were not launched until 1993, nor fully popularized until September 2001.

The news ticker being used when Today (NBC) began was an actual piece of paper with typewritten headlines superimposed on the lower third of the screen.

For Dave Garroway, his tenure as the first Today (NBC) host meant that the New York-based national network television scene embraced the innovations from Chicago.

In the mid-1990's or after 1993, Today moved to a street-level location at Rockefeller Plaza, which is known as the Window on the World or Studio 1A, recalling the program's early-1950's origins.

Garroway at Large, which Dave Garroway hosted, was one of the notable programs hailing from the innovative Chicago School of Television.

Ernie Kovacs presented a program on WPTZ called Three to Get Ready, which began in 1950.

Three to Get Ready, which aired in the early mornings with a format mixing news, weather, music and humour, was Ernie Kovacs' innovative television project.

In addition, Ernie Kovacs' Three to Get Ready program, produced specifically for WPTZ, was the first television program to be aired in the early mornings in a major US market.

Some notable innovations for Ernie Kovacs' Three to Get Ready program on WPTZ included his zany manner with comedy sketches, impromptu gags and audience participation.

Fran Allison and Studs Terkel are some namesakes of the other innovative programs coming from the Chicago School of Television: Kukla, Fran and Ollie and Studs' Place.

Before Today (NBC), television news was radio with pictures, a man sitting at a desk reading the news stories.

Today (NBC) took television news from radio with pictures and used the medium more effectively.

During its first 48 years, Today (NBC) lasted two hours from 7 a.m. to 9 a.m. Eastern Time.

After 48 years, Today (NBC) began having an additional hour, ending at 10 a.m. Eastern Time.

Seven years after its extension to an additional hour, Today (NBC) also extended to another additional hour, ending at 11 a.m. Eastern Time.

J. Fred Muggs, a chimpanzee, is a mascot for Today (NBC) from 1953 to 1957.

Although his tenure as a mascot of NBC's Today program was short-lived, J. Fred Muggs was deemed popular amongst its viewers, especially children.

Having revived the initially struggling ratings (and poor viewership) of NBC's Today program, J. Fred Muggs was often paired with Lee Meriwether.

In spite of his on-air success on Today (NBC), J. Fred Muggs also endured his difficult and sometimes aggressive approach.

Wide Wide World, which Dave Garroway hosted and Pat Weaver conceived, took events from various locations to the homes of viewers, pioneering live television outside studios and network specials.

For Wide Wide World (NBC), it served as the inspiration for ABC's Wide World of Sports.

Prior to ABC's Wide World of Sports, ABC had already aired sports, including college football, which Roone Arledge co-produced, plus the NFL, the AFL and Major League Baseball.

Ideas for ABC's sports programs besides autumn sports were conceptualized by Roone Arledge.

ABC developed its own response to Wide Wide World (NBC), which Dave Garroway hosted, but this time, focusing on sports, which Roone Arledge was tapped to produce.

Jim McKay, who came from CBS, was tapped to become the iconic and famous host for ABC's Wide World of Sports, lasting from 1961 to 1997.

Many currently-standard techniques for which ABC's Wide World of Sports served as a testing ground include camera techniques, instant replay, slow-motion, aerial footage, etc.

These techniques for ABC's Wide World of Sports elevated sports television to a cinematic level.

For ABC's Wide World of Sports, it is well-known for its iconic mantra: "The thrill of victory, and the agony of defeat; the human drama of athletic competition."

NFL Monday Night Football used the same techniques popularized by ABC's Wide World of Sports.

Both ABC's Wide World of Sports and Monday Night Football were the catalysts for other networks to adapt.

Frank Gifford, Howard Cosell and Don Meredith formed the iconic and famous three-person Monday Night Football announcing team, elevating this live sports program into a cultural phenomenon.

With Frank Gifford being Monday Night Football's steady play-by-play man, Howard Cosell used his theatrical and verbose style and Don Meredith was the laid-back, humorous country boy.

Keith Jackson was the play-by-play man in Monday Night Football's first season.

During Don Meredith's interval break from the Monday Night Football announcing team, Alex Karras replaced him.

Al Michaels joined the Monday Night Football broadcast team as play-by-play announcer in 1986, with Frank Gifford doing colour commentary, joined by Dan Dierdorf a year later.

The team of Al Michaels, Frank Gifford and Dan Dierdorf formed the longest-running team on Monday Night Football on a continuing basis.

Some of the noted personnel working with Roone Arledge include Don Ohlmeyer, Dick Ebersol, Chet Forte, Dennis Lewin, Chuck Howard, Edgar Scherick, Chet Simmons and Bob Goodrich.

Roone Arledge, who led ABC Sports from the late-1960's to 1986, also became the president of ABC News in 1977, surprising many as he had no formal journalistic experience.

Before Roone Arledge, ABC News was not competitive and suffered an failing situation.

Under Roone Arledge, who built on his success in sports, including ABC's Wide World of Sports and Monday Night Football, ABC News made both its turnaround and its facelift.

Due to Roone Arledge's sports-rooted influence that turned its failing fortunes around, ABC News took network television news (look/feel) to a modern, cinematic and visually-engaging level.

Plus, under Roone Arledge, ABC News focused on journalists being known as star celebrities, but also bridged the gap between news and entertainment.

During its first 5 years, Frank Reynolds, Max Robinson and Peter Jennings were the main anchors for ABC World News Tonight.

Frank Reynolds did news from Washington, Max Robinson did national news from Chicago, and Peter Jennings did world news from London.

Barbara Walters, Ted Koppel and Sam Donaldson are some of the other personnel of ABC News under Roone Arledge.

In addition, Charles Gibson, Barry Serafin, Bernard Shaw, Don Farmer and Charles Bierbauer are the other ABC News personnel under Roone Arledge.

The Morning Exchange is a former locally-produced morning program for WEWS.

Created in 1972 by Donald L. Perris and William F. Baker for WEWS, The Morning Exchange is a pioneer in the early-morning television landscape.

Some noted innovations for WEWS' The Morning Exchange include a studio set made in the form of a living room and news and weather updates at the top and bottom of the hour.

During its first 26 years, The Morning Exchange on WEWS lasted two hours from 7 a.m. to 9 a.m.

Upon its launch in January 1972, WEWS' The Morning Exchange used a news desk set, but in August 1972, it was replaced by a set resembling a living room.

Alan Douglas is the first ever host of The Morning Exchange, which, under him, was called The Alan Douglas Morning Exchange, on WEWS.

Joel Rose was also on The Morning Exchange on WEWS from 1972 to 1984, and again from 1986 to 1990; in his first stint, he served as the news anchor.

Liz Richards replaced Don Webster as co-host of The Morning Exchange on WEWS in March 1972.

July 1972 was when Alan Douglas left WEWS' The Morning Exchange, and Fred Griffith assumed his place.

WCVB-TV, meanwhile, is a pioneer in early-morning television as well through its locally-produced morning program called Good Day!

Having begun its run on September 24, 1973 as Good Morning!, and utilizing a similar format to The Morning Exchange on WEWS, WCVB's Good Day! used a living room with a kitchen.

For WCVB's Good Day!, it focused more on arts and entertainment than news and weather.

Good Day! on WCVB also broke ground by taking its production on the road and broadcasting from different places outside Boston and around the world.

In addition, WBRC-TV is likewise a pioneer in early-morning television through its locally-produced morning program called The Morning Show.

From its 1957 inception to its 1989 end, Tom York hosted The Morning Show on WBRC-TV.

The Morning Show on WBRC-TV is Birmingham's former answer to Today (NBC).

AM Los Angeles is KABC-TV's former locally-produced morning program.

Ralph Story and Stephanie Edwards hosted AM Los Angeles on KABC-TV, which was the basis for its national version called AM America.

Having been ABC's first ever early-morning program on a national level, AM America failed to find an audience against Today (NBC) and the combo of the CBS Morning News and Captain Kangaroo.

Plus, AM America on ABC earned harsh reviews from critics who saw it as a news-heavy program.

Some ABC stations opted not to carry AM America, including WEWS (The Morning Exchange) and WBRC-TV (The Morning Show).

The Morning Exchange on WEWS, Good Day! on WCVB and The Morning Show on WBRC serve as models for Good Morning America on ABC.

In fact, when GMA began in 1975, WCVB station manager Bob Bennett accused ABC entertainment president Fred Silverman of stealing the Good Morning! title being used by WCVB-TV.

With GMA's 1975 debut, WCVB's morning program became Good Day! to avoid confusion.

Having blended the concepts of both WEWS' The Morning Exchange and WCVB's Good Day!, Good Morning America successfully broke the long-standing dominance held by Today (NBC).

David Hartman, an actor, was Good Morning America's main host, until being replaced by ABC News reporter Charles Gibson.

Nancy Dussault, Sandy Hill and Joan Lunden served as David Hartman's sidekicks on Good Morning America, the latter taking on a more equal footing in 1986. 

In 1996, Joan Lunden decided to have her own series known as Behind Closed Doors, leaving GMA in September 1997, with Charles Gibson doing the same in May 1998.

But Charles Gibson was reinstated not long after on GMA, this time, with a different co-host.

Diane Sawyer, who was with PrimeTime Live, was paired with Charles Gibson on GMA, resulting in increased viewership.

Not long after, GMA moved to Times Square.

The AM format is still utilized by ABC, most notably in Chicago, where Oprah Winfrey took her own program on a national level as the Oprah Winfrey Show.

From 1986 to the early-2010's, the Oprah Winfrey Show has influenced many future young stars, and many of its themes are pivotal in American pop culture.

Having launched its operations on Halloween 1960, CHAN-TV had officially been known as British Columbia Television (BCTV) from 1973 to 2001.

Plus, BCTV (CHAN-TV) had a long affiliation with CTV from 1961 to 2001.

Until 2001, despite its CTV affiliation, BCTV (CHAN-TV) used its distinctive presentation.

Some key drivers that pushed BCTV towards its distinctive identity despite its CTV network affiliation included its home-grown ownership and its conflict with CFTO-TV in Toronto.

Western International Communications (WIC) was a media company based in Vancouver, under which BCTV prioritized regional interests over national network mandates.

For BCTV, BCTV (CHAN-TV) operated in the form of an independent station affiliated with the CTV network.

The Pacific Dogwood flower (which serves as British Columbia's provincial flower) also served as an iconic and famous symbol for BCTV from 1973 to 2001, refined in the mid-1990's.

From its rebrand in the mid-1990's to 2001, the slogan for BCTV was TV for BC with some variants.

When it began on Halloween 1960, BCTV emanated from its studios, based at the corner of Davie and Richards Streets in downtown Vancouver.

Not long after its launch on Halloween 1960, BCTV made its move to its permanent and purpose-built studios at Enterprise Street in the Lake City Industrial Park in 1961, fully opened in 1962.

Although it was no longer officially used after the 2001 realignment, the BCTV name is respected and known in BC on CHAN-TV.

Ray Peters was the powerhouse behind BCTV from around its 1960 launch to January 1990.

Having begun in the sales portion, Ray Peters made his ascent to the BCTV (CHAN-TV) leadership in 1961, when it began to carry some programs from CTV, which it formally joined not long after.

Not confined to BCTV, Ray Peters also served as WIC's President and CEO from 1978 to 1989.

When Ray Peters joined in 1960, BCTV (CHAN-TV) was in debt and had a struggling situation.

But by the time Ray Peters retired in January 1990, BCTV (CHAN-TV) had turned into a financial and ratings success.

From 1975 to December 2009, Tony Parsons was the main news anchor for BCTV, delivering its 6 p.m. newscast called the News Hour, doubling as news and public affairs VP since 1998.

Cameron Bell was BCTV's news director from the late-1960's to 1989.

Under Cameron Bell, BCTV pioneered a tabloid news approach that revolutionized television news in British Columbia and helped this station dethrone the CBC's ratings crown.

Robert Malcolm anchored the News Hour Final on BCTV from 1972 to the early-1990's.

Linden Soles anchored the News Hour Final on BCTV until being replaced by Ted Chernecki, who did this one from the early-1990's to 2001.

Jill Krop anchored the News Hour Final on Global BC from September 2001 to the early-2010's, when Global News BC1 was about to launch in 2013.

During Robert Malcolm's tenure as its anchor, the late-night newscast on BCTV was the News Hour Final; under his successors, it was simply News Hour Final.

Pamela Martin delivered the news as well on BCTV from 1977 to 2001.

In addition, Tony Parsons anchored Canada Tonight, produced by BCTV for WIC television stations outside British Columbia, from its 1993 inception to its 2001 demise.

Bill Good anchored Canada Tonight in its local BCTV version from its 1993 launch to its 2001 end.

Norm Grohmann was the primary weatherman for BCTV (CHAN-TV), lasting in separate stints until 1998.

For his humorous approach/wit doing the weather on BCTV, Norm Grohmann had earned popularity.

Between Norm Grohmann's departure and return, Fred Latremouille filled in his shoes.

Wayne Cox carried on the legacy begun by Norm Grohmann and Fred Latremouille.

Until 1997, Bernie Pascall, John McKeachie and Barry Houllihan alternated doing sports for BCTV's newscasts.

Squire Barnes, Barry Deley, Keith Wells and Jay Janower replaced the sports team comprising Bernie Pascall, John McKeachie and Barry Houllihan on BCTV in 1997.

Jim Conrad, who was rooted in Canadian radio, served as the primary announcer for BCTV, doing its promos, tags and news intros from the early-1990's to August 2001.

From 1996 to 2001, Jim Conrad famously opened BCTV's newscasts (especially the News Hour) with these words: "Live, from BCTV, here are tonight's...top stories."

After three main news headlines were summarized live on BCTV, Jim Conrad also delivered a famous hand-off with: "Right now, the News Hour, with Tony Parsons."

When its promos end, Jim Conrad announced the words: "on BCTV," "TV for BC" or "BCTV."

The huge success/popularity of the News Hour on BCTV stemmed from its formula being made by its collective trio of architects.

Ray Peters' management, Cameron Bell's editorial direction and Tony Parsons' on-air presence are just some factors in the formula that made the News Hour on BCTV a profound success.

Jack Webster, well-known as the king of the Vancouver airwaves, is the host of the eponymous BCTV current affairs program called Webster!

Having aired at 9 a.m. from its October 1978 inception to 1986 (during Expo 86), Webster! discusses issues important to British Columbians.

The signature catchphrase for Jack Webster on BCTV's Webster! program is "9 a.m. precisely."

A Current Affair came from WNYW, which featured both Mark Monsky and John Parsons Peditto.

Mark Monsky and John Parsons Peditto also created Hard Copy for Paramount Domestic Television.

Prior to ITN, the BBC's television news program was simply film with voice narration.

ITN countered the BBC's television news formula with on-camera anchors, on-the-scene reporters and more human interest stories.

Launched in the late-1960's, News at Ten (ITV) is the United Kingdom's first daily half-hour television newscast on a permanent basis, but also the ratings leader in British television news in its first run.

Despite a trial run lasting 13 weeks, News at Ten (ITV) quickly became a huge success.

Before News at Ten (ITV), short newscasts, with a man-on-camera format, lasted a quarter-hour.

With News at Ten (ITV), half-hour newscasts became a fixture in British television news; a two-person news team taking turns to bring flexibility and personality to the news desk became firm as well.

Some of the innovations that made News at Ten (ITV) successful include a more in-depth and detailed outlook on hard news, populist stories and issues and on-the-scene reports.

The "...And Finally" story is an often humorous end piece to send the viewing audience to bed after 30 minutes of dramatic news at the end of each and every News at Ten (ITV) broadcast.

Just before the "...And Finally" story on News at Ten (ITV), the anchor recaps the day's headlines.

When the "...And Finally" story on News at Ten (ITV) ended, the anchor signed off with the catchy and simple farewell: "And that's the news tonight. Good night."

The person, who is mostly associated with this original News at Ten (ITV) version, doubled as the main political voice for ITV; his first name was Alastair.

Aside from the news anchor mostly being associated with this original News at Ten (ITV) version (who was also ITV's political voice) named Alastair, other faces became known through this program.

Reginald Bosanquet, Andrew Gardner, Sandy Gail, Anna Ford, John Suchet and Trevor McDonald are some of the other ITN faces who became known through News at Ten (ITV).

The other Alastair for ITN anchoring News at Ten (ITV) is Alastair Stewart.

From 1972 to 1977, Andrew Gardner and Reginald Bosanquet formed one of the most well-liked news teams on British television through News at Ten (ITV).

Known as the Morecambe and Wise of television news, the news team comprising the likes of Andrew Gardner and Reginald Bosanquet won popularity for their chemistry on News at Ten (ITV).

During their run as a respected duo on News at Ten (ITV), which lasted from 1972 until 1977, Andrew Gardner acted as the straight man to Reginald Bosanquet's flamboyant style.

Plus, the team of Andrew Gardner and Reginald Bosanquet on News at Ten (ITV) pioneered a chatting approach used at the end of each and every newscast.

Both Andrew Gardner and Reginald Bosanquet have transfomed News at Ten (ITV) into a popular and successful news instiution in the UK and the world with their chemistry.

The news team of Andrew Gardner and Reginald Bosanquet on News at Ten (ITV) ended in 1977, the latter remaining for another two years, pairing with Anna Ford, who joined in February 1978.

Geoffrey Cox, who was born in New Zealand (and who had served as the news editor for ITN since the mid-1950's), created News at Ten (ITV).

Initially, Panorama (BBC) used a magazine format.

But with Richard Dimbleby being installed as its primary anchor, Panorama (BBC) changed its format from a magazine to a harder-hitting investigative documentary.

Tonight (BBC), which began in February 1957 to fill in the Toddlers' Truce between 6 p.m. and 7 p.m., pioneered an informal presentation style, which was at odds with the BBC's reputation.

Cliff Michelmore presented Tonight (BBC) from its 1957 inception to its mid-1960's end.

For Tonight (BBC), it blended serious items with light-hearted ones; its format influenced many other early-evening programs, like Nationwide.

Brian Henderson served as the primary anchor for National Nine News at 6 p.m. in Sydney/New South Wales, and Brian Naylor did the same for this newscast in Melbourne/Victoria.

Together, both Brian Henderson and Brian Naylor dominated National Nine News in their markets.

Incidentally, due to the success of the two Brians (Brian Henderson and Brian Naylor), National Nine News was the ratings leader for many years until the 21st century.

Chuck Faulkner was the first news anchor on Australian television, whereas Alan Wilkie was the first weather forecaster in this field.

Since its debut in the mid-1950's, Chuck Faulkner was the weeknight news anchor for TCN-9.

Meanwhile, Brian Henderson did the weekend newscasts for TCN-9 since 1957.

In the mid-1960's, Brian Henderson replaced Chuck Faulkner as the primary anchor for National Nine News in Sydney/New South Wales, staying until 2002.

Alan Wilkie was the primary meteorologist for National Nine News in Sydney/New South Wales from 1977 to 2001, often working with Brian Henderson.

Mike Gibson and Ken Sutcliffe respectively did sports during Brian Henderson's tenure for TCN-9.

Eric Pearce was the primary anchor for National Nine News in Melbourne/Victoria in separate periods until 1978, when Brian Naylor replaced him.

During Brian Naylor's later tenure, Rob Gell did the weather forecasts, whereas Tony Jones did sports, forging an iconic news team on National Nine News in Melbourne/Victoria.

The successful two Brians (Brian Henderson and Brian Naylor) on National Nine News, both serving Sydney/New South Wales and Melbourne/Victoria, retired in 1998 and 2002, both in November.

Peter Hitchener, who anchored the weekend newscasts for National Nine News in Melbourne/Victoria, replaced Brian Naylor on weeknights on November 30, 1998.

Since November 30, 1998, in his first 5 years as the main weeknight anchor for National Nine News in Melbourne/Victoria, Peter Hitchener's tenure had earned ratings success.

Ian Ross, who was an anchor for National Nine News in Sydney/New South Wales, went to Seven with David Leckie, Peter Meakin and John Stephens, in an effort to make its turnaround.

Eventually, by 2005, Seven's turnaround, spearheaded by the efforts made by former Nine stalwarts Ian Ross, David Leckie, Peter Meakin and John Stephens, paid off.

Dougal Stevenson, Philip Sherry and Bill Toft are the first news anchors on New Zealand television.

In 1986, the traditional single-anchor news format being used by TVNZ was replaced by a two-person news team taking turns to bring flexibility and personality to the news desk.

Neil Billington and Judy Bailey were the first anchors in this new two-person news format for TVNZ.

Richard Long replaced Neil Billington to join Judy Bailey, starting a long-lasting partnership.

From its launch in November 1989 to February 1998, 3 National News used the single-anchor concept being formerly used by TVNZ from 1969 to 1986.

Tagesschau (ARD) and Heute (ZDF) are the main newscasts in Germany's public television sector.

For years, both Tagesschau (ARD) and Heute (ZDF) have used the traditional single-anchor format.

Karl Heinz-Koepcke, known as Mr. Tagesschau for his longevity, had set standards for television news presentation in Germany, Switzerland and Austria.

Gerhard Klarner, known as Mr. Heute, loves American culture, especially jazz, city life and literature.

While Sat.1 aired short newscasts, in cooperation with the FAZ newspaper, upon its 1984 launch, RTL Plus aired 7 Vor 7, the first full-length newscast within Germany's private television sector.

Upon its 1984 launch, 7 Vor 7 was an unconventional news program on RTL Plus, providing a stylistic contrast to both Tagesschau (ARD) and Heute (ZDF) on a national basis.

One of the innovations for 7 Vor 7 (RTL Plus) was an American-influenced news format.

Due to the fast-paced, tabloid and aggressive approach in its American-influenced format, 7 Vor 7 (RTL Plus) established news programming in Germany's private television sector.

Plus, 7 Vor 7 (RTL Plus) broke the duopoly held by both Tagesschau (ARD) and Heute (ZDF).

Luxembourg was the first location for 7 Vor 7 (RTL Plus); four years after its 1984 launch, it moved to Cologne, prompted by the need to offer better terrestrial broadcast reception.

A few months after moving to Cologne, 7 Vor 7 became RTL Aktuell.

Hans Meiser was the first main anchor for 7 Vor 7/RTL Aktuell for 8 years since its 1984 launch.

Peter Kloeppel was the main anchor/managing editor for RTL Aktuell from the 1990's to the 2020's.

Ulrike von der Groeben served as the sports anchor for RTL Aktuell, having usually worked with Peter Kloeppel from the early-1990's until the 2020's.

With the strategy being made by Peter Kloeppel, RTL Aktuell has become a ratings success.

RTL Nachtjournal is the first late-night television newscast in Germany.

The success created by RTL Nachtjournal led to other late-night television newscasts in Germany, like Nachtmagazin (ARD), Heute Nacht (ZDF) and Die Nacht - Sat.1 Nachrichten.

Jacobo Zabludovsky was the main anchor for 24 Horas (Televisa) for 26+ years.

As Mexico's first television news program entirely produced by a dedicated news team from the same network without articles from newspapers, 24 Horas (Televisa) was the most-watched ever.

For its own news coverage, 24 Horas (Televisa) favoured the then-ruling PRI party, having been biased towards the government.

Plus, 24 Horas (Televisa) incorporated interviews and direct telephone calls from reporters.

In the 1990's decade, in response to criticisms surrounding Televisa and limited freedom of expression being introduced, changes came to the Mexican media landscape.

Ricardo Salinas Pliego, a businessman, purchased most of the assets held by Imevision to become TV Azteca in 1993; months later, its own newscast Hechos began.

Emilio Azcarraga Milmo, who served as Televisa's president since 1972, died in April 1997 in Miami, Florida; his younger son Emilio Azcarraga Jean ascended to the post.

Modernizing Televisa is what Emilio Azcarraga Jean did through many aspects, one of which was to cancel 24 Horas.

With those changes to Mexican media in the 1990's, 24 Horas (Televisa) came to an end with Jacobo Zabludovsky leaving this program.

Federico Wilkins had developed the fast-paced, tabloid and aggressive approach at rival TV Azteca's Hechos, which was carried over to Televisa.

Teletrece was once the ratings leader in Chilean television news, having used a more independent and professional approach than the pro-government newscast 60 Minutos (TVN).

24 Horas (TVN) has been the ratings leader in Chilean television news since the mid-1990's.

Bernardo de la Maza and Cecilia Serrano were the first faces of 24 Horas (TVN), which started at the dawn of the democratic era for Chile in October 1990.

Meanwhile, 24 Horas (Panamericana) had been the ratings leader in Peruvian television news until the late-1990's.

Humberto Martinez Morosini was the face of 24 Horas (Panamericana) from its 1973 debut to 1997.

QAP Noticias (or QAP) is a former news program produced by TV13 (or TV-13) and backed by Nobel Prize in Literature recipient Gabriel Garcia Marquez.

Maria Elvira Samper and Maria Isabel Rueda are journalists who created QAP.

Before QAP, television news in Colombia had a staid approach: it was state-run and tied to political or economic corporations.

However, QAP had earned its reputation for its independent, often critical, investigative journalism.

For QAP, it broke the mold for Colombian television news: the nation's first television news service to come from its purpose-built studios and to use microwave equipment.

What led to the launch of QAP was the licensing reforms in the early-1990's.

Despite being short-lived, QAP was one of the most innovative television news programs in Colombia, helping to modernize this field.

Canal A (Inravision) aired QAP from the early-1990's until December 1997.

TV Patrol (ABS-CBN) and 24 Oras (GMA Network) have been the main forces in the television news scene in the Philippines since the dawn of its democratic era in 1986.

What distinguished TV Patrol from other Filipino newscasts in the past was its tabloid approach.

Seputar Indonesia (RCTI) is Indonesia's first television newscast within its private sector, lasting from November 1989 to October 2017.

Buletin Malam (RCTI) is the first television newscast on a private network in Indonesia to offer world news stories, lasting until February 2009.

Nuansa Pagi and Buletin Siang, aside from Seputar Indonesia and Buletin Malam, are the morning and afternoon newscasts on RCTI.

With both Nuansa Pagi and Buletin Siang, they were the first newscasts aired in both the mornings and daytime within Indonesia's private television sector.

Pete Langlois, who came from KCRA-TV, an NBC station in Sacramento, honed RCTI's programming and operational strategy based on  networks.

February 2009 was when RCTI unified all its newscasts under one Seputar Indonesia banner.

On July 13, 1948, United Press agreed with Fox's Movietone News service to shoot news film for local television stations across the United States.

United Press Movietone (UPMT) had innovations in the news-gathering business for television.

With the BBC as its first European client, United Press Movietone became the first agency in television news to operate on a truly international level.

In the mid-1960's, UPI ended its partnership with Fox-Movietone, the latter remaining in the newsreel business, also resulting in the loss of its contract with the BBC.

Meanwhile, UPI set up a new entity of its own called United Press International News Film (UPIN).

The BBC's main domestic rival ITN joined forces with United Press International to form United Press International Television News (UPITN) in the late-1960's era.

UPI suffered financial difficulties, and in the early-1980's, sold its stake in UPITN, which was renamed Worldwide Television News (WTN) in 1985.

Stakes in WTN, which ITN partly owned, were by ABC (America) and the Nine Network (Australia).

With the other broadcasters from the British Commonwealth and the Rank Organization, the BBC also formed Visnews, with Reuters joining in 1960.

From 1957 to 1993, Visnews, based in London, served as the primary non-American competitor of the US-involved UPITN/WTN agency, which formerly had the BBC as its first European client.

Changes in Visnews came in the late-1960's period, when Rank left Visnews and Reuters took a bigger interest.

NBC, which, since 1962, had a long-term partnership with Visnews, acquired a minority interest in this London-based television news agency, effective January 1, 1989.

Television News Inc. (TVN) is a short-lived syndicated news service, offering daily news film feeds to independent television stations in the United States and Canada from 1973 to 1975.

Joseph Coors, a Colorado businessman with conservative views, owned a majority stake in Television News Inc., a conservative alternative to the Big Three networks, whose news output was liberal.

Robert Pauley, a former ABC Radio executive, was the chief executive for Television News Inc.

Visnews, a UPITN rival formed by the BBC and other Commonweath broadcasters, had owned a small stake in Television News Inc.

TVN (partly-held by Visnews, which the BBC and Reuters held) took the US business of its competitor UPITN (partly-held by ITN, which was the BBC's main domestic rival) in 1974.

In January 1975, TVN disclosed plans to change newsfeed distribution from a long-distance phone line method to a satellite delivery one, using Westar 1, which could send HBO to a national level.

Like HBO's own innovative satellite distribution proposal, TVN's plan was equally-innovative in that it marked the first full use of an American domestic satellite for television program distribution.

Having suffered financial difficulties and having not executed a proposed satellite distribution plan that would have made it a pioneer, TVN closed in 1975 after Coors withdrew its financial support.

Reese Schonfeld was a member of the UPITN personnel.

After TVN closed its doors in 1975, Reese Schonfeld founded his own newsfeed distributor named the Independent Television News Association (ITNA).

For ITNA, it was a non-profit independent alternative to the Big Three networks.

Distant from (and not related) to the British news provider ITN, which partly owned UPITN, for whom Reese Schonfeld worked, ITNA was based at WPIX in the Daily News Building in New York.

John Corporon, who once worked with Ted Kavanau at WPIX from 1974 to 1975, also founded ITNA.

At WTOP-TV, John Corporon established the Newsweek Broadcast Service, a template for the modern national newsfeed services, like ITNA.

Using Westar 1, which also carried HBO for its national launch, ITNA had provided both pooled news coverage and newsfeed to independent stations in the United States.

Before ITNA, non-Big Three television stations in the United States relied on film or videotape via air freight for news syndication.

However, ITNA was the first company to provide a daily satellite-delivered news service to America's independent television stations.

ITNA marked the end of the traditional "film via air" era for indies.

With ITNA's successful satellite plan, Reese Schonfeld joined Ted Turner to launch CNN.

Countering the humorous tone of the 17 Update program on WTCG, CNN used a serious, dramatic and hard-hitting tone.

Satcom 1, which already carried other pioneering cable networks like HBO and TBS, also carried CNN upon its 1980 debut, after its intended satellite Satcom 3 failed to reach orbit and was lost.

Besides Reese Schonfeld, whose ITNA came from WPIX, Ted Kavanau, who began the first primetime newscast in New York through rival WNEW-TV, was also involved with CNN's launch.

At WNEW-TV, Ted Kavanau developed the tabloid and fast-paced news style that other indie outlets in major markets across the United States also used, as well as CNN.

Ed Turner, unrelated to Ted Turner despite sharing a surname, was also involved with CNN's launch.

In 1966, Ed Turner started the 10 p.m. news format on a non-Big Three television station in the United States through WNEW-TV's sister station WTTG.

Prior to his work at WTTG, Ed Turner worked at KWTV, where he grew up with the 10 p.m. newscast time slot he later brought to a non-Big Three television station.

For both Ed Turner and Ted Kavanau, they put the 10 p.m. news model on the map of a non-Big Three station through WNEW-TV and WTTG, which Metromedia owned.

Preparing itself for its 1980 debut, CNN recruited some news veterans from the independent television landscape rather than the Big Three networks.

Reese Schonfeld, Ed Turner and Ted Kavanau are some of the notable individuals from non-Big Three television stations who were involved in CNN's launch.

Sam Zelman, who revolutionized local news in both North America and the world with a newscast that would last 60 minutes/one hour through KNXT, was also involved with CNN's launch.

Turner Broadcasting System sold WRET-TV, which used NBC, to Group W/Westinghouse to raise the capital needed for its new venture CNN; under Group W, it was renamed WPCQ-TV.

Daniel Schorr, who was one of the later recruits of the legendary newsman Edward R. Murrow at CBS News, was CNN's first on-air employee and its Senior Washington Correspondent.

Bernard Shaw, who worked at both CBS News and ABC News, was CNN's first official news anchor.

ITNA, which was a early template for CNN, both of which Reese Schonfeld co-founded, was also the company where Daniel Schorr worked, besides CBS News before CNN.

Having both Bernard Shaw and Daniel Schorr hail from CBS, CNN bridged the gap between the high journalistic standards they honed at broadcast television and early low-budget cable.

The husband-and-wife anchor team, coming from KOVR and KCRA, both based in Sacramento: Dave Walker and Lois Hart, delivered the first actual newscast from CNN upon its launch.

Lou Dobbs, who previously worked at KING-TV in Seattle and KTVK in Phoenix, was the last of the original anchors to leave the CNN launch team.

Mary Alice Williams, who was born in Minneapolis-St. Paul, where she began her career at KSTP, and who also came from WPIX and WNBC-TV, was also a CNN trailblazer.

Having been one of the original CNN personnel, Mary Alice Williams oversaw the building of its New York hub at the World Trade Centre.

Don Farmer and his wife Chris Curle also arrived at CNN from ABC, the earlier being its Washington reporter on a national basis, the latter working at WJLA-TV.

Nick Charles and Fred Hickman, both of whom started their television careers at WICS, were CNN's iconic sports anchors.

On August 12, 1981, ABC joined Group W/Westinghouse to form their own news venture.

In response, Turner launched its response to the ABC/Group W news service with its similar format.

CNN's faster-paced service CNN2, later known as CNN Headline News, started operations 19 months after its original launch.

Driving the vision for CNN2/CNN Headline News was Ted Kavanau.

The Satellite News Channel (SNC) was a joint venture between ABC Video Enterprises and Group W Satellite Communications, doubling as the first rival to CNN.

Not long after its launch, SNC, together with its transponders, was sold to Turner.

With Turner's purchase of SNC, many cable providers carrying SNC would carry either CNN or, more frequently, CNN Headline News.

CNN produced an hour-long weeknight newscast for WTBS called the TBS Evening News.

At 10 p.m. Eastern Time, the TBS Evening News delivered national and international news stories, plus national weather and sports, due to the national superstation status being held by WTBS.

In July 1984, the TBS Evening News made the move to CNN and was relaunched as the CNN Evening News.

Meanwhile, CNN Headline News assumed production responsibilities for TBS NewsWatch.

At first, TBS NewsWatch was produced in-studio with an on-screen anchor format by WTBS, but with CNN Headline News, changed to video content with voice narration.

The CNN Headline News simulcasts were also aired on SuperStation WTBS.

By loosening the public affairs programming requirements held by the FCC, both the TBS NewsWatch segments and the CNN Headline News simulcasts were phased out in 1996.

The first two CNN presidents, like Reese Schonfeld, came from UPITN, a joint venture between United Press International and ITN.

Georgia-born Tom Johnson was the third CNN president, hailing from the Los Angeles Times.

During its first decade, CNN lagged behind the established evening newscasts being aired on network television in the United States.

However, CNN's coverage of the first Gulf War made it a major force in 24-hour television news.

Whilst other broadcasters lost communication links, CNN used a working four-wire telephone line that allowed them to broadcast live from Baghdad during the first Gulf War.

Robert Wiener and Eason Jordan installed a link from Baghdad to CNN during the first Gulf War.

The trio that comprised Bernard Shaw, Peter Arnett and John Holliman brought CNN to unprecedented success and popularity during Operation Desert Storm, due to Robert Wiener's telephone link.

Peter Arnett was the sole CNN voice from Al-Rashid after Bernard Shaw and John Holliman left.

Global broadcasters aired CNN's coverage of the first Gulf War, some in the Arab world, where, before this conflict, television news was state-controlled and state-run.

The success of the first Gulf War, as covered by CNN, spurred Waleed bin Ibrahim Al Ibrahim, a Saudi businessman educated in the United States, to begin MBC as part of his ARAvision group.

London, England was chosen as the base for the first headquarters of Waleed bin Ibrahim Al Ibrahim's MBC service.

Having been MBC's first site, London had freedom of press and a neutral and independent territory.

Except Lebanon, television stations around the Arab world were state-controlled and used prerecorded news coverage, often focusing on government announcements and.ceremonial events.

Backed by Saleh Kamel and the Saudi royals, Waleed bin Ibrahim Al Ibrahim's MBC had professional Western-made broadcast production standards previously unused in the Arab world.

The 1986 Space Shuttle tragedy and the Jessica McClure rescue also contributed to CNN shedding its initially-derided perception, besides the first Gulf War.

SSS launched the Satellite Program Network (SPN), which became Tempo Television.

Tempo Television's transponder space was sold by SSS to NBC in the late-1980's, and NBC used it to launch the Consumer News and Business Channel (CNBC) in 1989.

Roger Ailes was hired by NBC in August 1993 to be the President of CNBC, tasked by NBC CEO Bob Wright to turnaround this then-ailing channel.

During Roger Ailes' short reign as its president, CNBC made its turnaround; its spin-off channel named America's Talking, which Roger Ailes created, had low-budget discussion programs.

In January 1996, NBC announced plans to partner with Microsoft to begin MSNBC, both on cable and online, with the satellite transponder that America's Talking used, ending the latter network's life.

Having disagreed over NBC's decision to partner with Microsoft to start MSNBC, Roger Ailes left and moved from NBC to Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation empire to launch Fox News Channel.

Both MSNBC and Fox News Channel were the first rivals to CNN since SNC folded.

Incidentally, Roger Ailes was involved in MSNBC's precursor America's Talking, as well as Fox News Channel.

Since 2002, Fox News has been the top-rated news channel in the United States with a few exceptions.

For HBO, TBS and CNN, they are pioneers in satellite-delivered cable television.

Charles Dolan was to cable infrastructure in urban areas and non-commercial premium television what Ted Turner was to superstations and 24-hour news channels.

In October 1996, Turner merged with Time Warner, which ran 20% of the earlier's stake in the past.

HBO, Cinemax, TBS, CNN, CNN Headline News and TNT became sister channels with the 1996 Time Warner/Turner merger.

Newsrooms, as regular studio backdrops, convey urgency, immediacy, authenticity and transparency.

Plus, regularly-used newsroom studio set backdrops could provide a busy and fast-paced working news environment, where news is breaking and being processed, with off-camera staff seen inside.

Multi-monitor control rooms, which are regularly used as news studio backdrops, convey technological sophistication and a sense of constant monitoring and control over information flow.

For years, many television stations have used traditional, enclosed and isolated news studio sets with backdrops that typically include world maps, skylines or news/station logos.

These traditional and isolated news sets create a sense of formality and authority.

Switching to both the newsroom and multi-monitor backdrops from isolated news studio sets provide urgency, immediacy, transparency and a behind-the-scenes feel.

Blending the newsroom and multi-monitor backdrops is something to do in an equally-dynamic way.

For Dave Garroway, his own television programs, notably Garroway at Large, Today and Wide Wide World, have developed many innovations that reshaped television.

The Merchandise Mart and the RCA Exhibition Hall are building relics.

Chicago's wholesome goods industry is the primary focus of the Merchandise Mart, whereas RCA's technology is the primary focus of the RCA Exhibition Hall, based in New York.

With television gaining early popularity, both the Merchandise Mart and the RCA Exhibition Hall also became testing grounds for Dave Garroway's innovations that abandoned television's rigid past.

Dave Garroway's relaxed style, which had its roots in radio, was adapted for television.

Plus, the first studio for Today (NBC) from the RCA Exhibition Hall served as an influence on modern broadcast design, like the newsroom and the windowed concept in downtown cores.

In its initial years, the windowed concept included in the first ever studio for Today (NBC) under Dave Garroway was the fishbowl.

Just before its expansion to a half-hour in the mid-1960's, both Douglas Edwards and Walter Cronkite delivered the news on CBS Television, using an isolated and enclosed soundstage.

However, the expansion to a half-hour for CBS' flagship television newscast came in the mid-1960's.

This half-hour expansion of the flagship televison newscast on CBS in the mid-1960's resulted in the change of its name to the CBS Evening News.

During the Walter Cronkite era, the studio set used by the CBS Evening News featured a desk that was being made in the form of a fishbowl, plus the newsroom and a world map.

WBBM-TV pioneered the concept to present the news regularly from the newsroom in 1973.

McClurg Court, a rink, became a television studio in the mid-1950's, but also a testing ground for the regular newsroom-as-set trend that WBBM-TV had pioneered in 1973 until the early-1990's.

Fred Harpman designed the NewsCentre for NBC in the form of a space-age control room, specifically the bridge of the USS Enterprise, which is used in Star Trek, in 1974.

Banks of monitors that were visible behind the anchors for the NewsCentre, designed for NBC by Fred Harpman, create a sense of being in the middle of a working, technological hub.

As one of the designs by Fred Harpman, NBC's NewsCentre, made à la space-age control room, used a more open, high-tech and futuristic look and was made to have a working newsroom feel.

NBC's NewsCentre, which Fred Harpman designed, revolutionized television news set design, moving away from traditional, isolated and enclosed news sets with the anchor desk behind the curtain.

For Fred Harpman, his NewsCentre for NBC paralleled the open area used in the first studio for Today (NBC) under Dave Garroway.

Dave Garroway was a radio disc jockey and television personality in Chicago, where he pioneered the Chicago Style for his Garroway at Large program, brought to New York through Today (NBC).

Also in Chicago, WBBM-TV pioneered the regular newsroom-as-set trend, based on the working area being used in the first studio for Today (NBC) under Dave Garroway, in 1973.

Studio 6B at 30 Rockefeller Plaza was a testing ground for Fred Harpman's NewsCentre for NBC.

In 1974, Studio 6B at 30 Rock was used for WNBC-TV's NewsCentre 4, but also for the national NBC News broadcasts during the height of the Watergate scandal.

Ever since its 1974 inception, elements of the NewsCentre, designed for NBC by Fred Harpman, have usually been used in the US, but also around the world.

Global, which began its operations in January 1974 as a regional network, with CIII-TV as its flagship station, broke from tradition by using the newsroom-as-set trend, the first of its kind in Canada.

Upon its launch in January 1974, Global used a news studio using elements of the Walter Cronkite-era studio set of the CBS Evening News, including a fishbowl-like desk and a world map backdrop.

81 Barber Greene Road, a factory, became a television studio in 1974, but also a testing ground for the newsroom studio combo for Global, which lasted until 1998.

Also in Canada, BCTV (CHAN-TV) used the newsroom-as-set trend being synonymous with the Tony Parsons era from 1975 to October 4, 2010.

Enterprise Street, which is located in the Lake City Industrial Park, housed a purpose-built building for BCTV, and served as a testing ground for its own innovative newsroom-as-set trend.

Some of the local television stations based in North America often converted existing studio spaces into testing grounds for newsroom-as-set trends, but BCTV built one from scratch.

BCTV's Enterprise Street studios, built from scratch in 1961 and officially opened in 1962, also built its newsroom-as-set trend from scratch in 1975, 13 years after its official 1962 move.

Whereas stations with converted studios as testing grounds for newsroom-as-set trends represented the past, like WBBM-TV and Global (CIII-TV), BCTV's purpose-built one represented the future.

Early adopters of this newsroom-as-set trend, like WBBM-TV and Global (CIII-TV), usually retrofitted older studio spaces.

Those conversions by WBBM-TV and Global (CIII-TV) required squeezing newsrooms into spaces not designed originally for cameras, leading to cramped, noisy or compromise-filled enviroments.

CBS was a model for the newsroom-as-set ttrend by both WBBM-TV and Global (CIII-TV), the latter using the set derivative of the CBS Evening News fishbowl that Walter Cronkite used. 

Purpose-built adopters of the newsroom-as-set trend, such as BCTV, allowed designers to integrate the studio and newsroom from the ground up.

BCTV's specially-made newsroom-as-set trend offered better and more open-concept visuals, improved lighting, superior acoustics and a smoother flow between on-air personnel and journalists.

The newsroom-as-set trend, specially-designed for BCTV (CHAN-TV), made the news studio look less conventional and more like a high-functioning, authentic and professional newsroom.

Cameron Bell, who was formerly the news director for BCTV, was the genius behind the creation of its purpose-built newsroom-as-set trend being synonymous with the Tony Parsons era.

Ray Peters led BCTV through Cameron Bell's creation of its newsroom-as-set trend being synonymous with the Tony Parsons era.

Having been a purpose-built concept, this BCTV newsroom-as-set trend being synonymous with Tony Parsons was unique, as it mixed the newsroom backdrop with multi-monitor control rooms.

For BCTV's purpose-built newsroom set, it felt like a room with desks, but also the nerve centre of the entire British Columbia, indeed BC's command centre.

During the Expo 86 world's fair, BCTV operated a broadcast pavilion.

As the fishbowl version of its own newsroom set, the BCTV pavilion at Expo 86 allowed the public to watch a live newsroom and control room in action through glass.

BCTV's pavilion at Expo 86 further emphasized this newsroom-as-set trend.

For the first years when Tony Parsons was its main news anchor, BCTV used an isolated and enclosed studio set with a blue backdrop, but most of this was concentrated on the newsroom-as-set trend.

In the early-1990's, the BCTV newsroom-as-set trend that Cameron Bell masterminded was rebuilt by moving the news desk out of the studio, but it kept the newsroom as its main backdrop.

Since its longstanding owner WIC was purchased by Canwest Global, BCTV (CHAN-TV) remade this newsroom-as-set trend twice, firstly in September 2001.

While WBBM-TV and Global (CIII-TV) pioneered newsroom-as-set trends in both the US and Canada from converted spaces, BCTV (CHAN-TV) perfected it with its purpose-built one.

Before Roone Arledge turned around the ailing ABC News, both NBC and CBS have maintained more traditional formats in their news presentation, while not entirely plain.

Under Roone Arledge, ABC News put newsroom-as-set trends on the network news map.

During its first 30 years/3 decades, Cable News Network (CNN) had used the newsroom as its primary studio backdrop from its two primary headquarters in Atlanta.

Just before CNN's June 1980 debut, co-founders Ted Turner and Reese Schonfeld were trying to find a model for the newsroom-as-set trend.

BCTV (CHAN-TV), which used its newsroom-as-set trend at its purpose-built studios during the Tony Parsons era, was the closest model to the vision of CNN's Ted Turner and Reese Schonfeld.

Cameron Bell, supported by Ray Peters, masterminded the creation of the newsroom-as-set trend being purpose-built for BCTV during the Tony Parsons era, which was the basis for CNN's.

Using the Tony Parsons-era BCTV (CHAN-TV) newsroom-as-set trend for CNN, Turner Broadcasting System took over a country club at Techwood Drive in Atlanta called the Progressive Club.

Established in 1913, the Progressive Club is a red brick structure with white columns; its ballroom was renovated to become the first set for CNN, doubling as television's first newsroom to go 24 hours.

Carl "Bunky" Helfrich, who was one of the friends of Ted Turner, adapted many of the elements being used in the Tony Parsons-era BCTV (CHAN-TV) newsroom-as-set trend for CNN.

The Three Musketeers, a group of broadcast technicians coming to SuperStation WTBS from the other Atlanta television stations, were named after the French adventure novel by Alexandre Dumas

For the Three Musketeers group working at SuperStation WTBS, Gene Wright, Jack Ormand and Jack Verner served as their members.

Whilst the Three Musketeers from WTBS built the technical infrastructure for the newsroom-as-set for CNN, Carl "Bunky" Helfrich adapted BCTV's elements under Reese Schonfeld's direction.

Playfully referred to as Kosher Kolumns or the "news kibbutz," the Progressive Club was CNN's first headquarters.

By 1985, years after its June 1, 1980 launch, CNN had outgrown its original Techwood Drive hub, and Ted Turner acquired the Omni International complex in downtown Atlanta from Tom Cousins.

With Ted Turner acquiring this Omni complex, CNN incorporated its BCTV-inspired newsroom-as-set aesthetic on a larger scale.

Seven years after its June 1, 1980 launch, CNN officially completed its relocation to the former Omni complex, which became known as CNN Centre.

Mirroring his earlier feat of turning the Atlanta country club into the BCTV-inspired newsroom-as-set trend for CNN, Carl "Bunky" Helfrich turned the former Omni complex into CNN Centre.

By turning the Omni complex into CNN Centre, Ted Turner revived Atlanta's ailing downtown core.

In 1993, the colours of some of the elements being used in CNN's newsroom set based on BCTV were changed from red to blue.

Just 11 years after its official move to the former Omni complex, CNN renovated its own set in October 1998, still incorporating its BCTV-inspired newsroom-as-set trend.

Rene Lagler supervised the scenic design for this renovated CNN newsroom-as-set trend, whilst Robert Dickinson did its lighting construction.

This October 1998 renovation of CNN's BCTV-inspired newsroom set design was the final pre-digital revolution of its aesthetic before LED-heavy studios came along in May 2010.

For Linden Soles, he bridged the gap between the two channels that shared the same newsroom-as-set trends: BCTV (under Tony Parsons) and CNN (under Tom Johnson).

Studio 7, introduced in May 2010, marked the end of CNN's long-standing signature newsroom-as-set aesthetic.

This setup for CNN's Studio 7 in Atlanta influenced its Washington studio in the early-2010's.

Clickspring Design designed Studio 7 for CNN.

By 2014, as production shifted to New York and Washington, CNN's real Studio 7 was dormant, and it utilized virtual backdrops before abandoning the use for daytime programs.

Jeff Zucker masterminded the brief reinstatement of the newsroom-as-set trends for CNN before Chris Licht removed them permanently.

During the early-to-mid-2020's, both CNN and HLN moved away from CNN Centre and went back to their origins at Techwood Drive.

In June 2025, The Source with Kaitlan Collins moved to Washington D.C. with the newsroom-as-set trend, reinstating CNN's iconic aesthetic.

From its launch in the early-1980's (which came 19 months after the original CNN started), to February 2005, CNN Headline News used a multi-monitor control room-like set.

In 1993, CNN Headline News introduced its constant SportsTicker, and 6 years later, in the late-1990's, CNN Headline News introduced a newsroom-as-set trend to facilitate four watches.

On August 6, 2001, a revamp for CNN Headline News came with an internet-inspired presentation.

Similarly, both BCTV (CHAN-TV) and CNN made obsolete their iconic and famous newsroom-as-set trends in 2010 after the late-2009 departures of both Tony Parsons and Lou Dobbs.

Lou Dobbs left CNN in November 2009, and Tony Parsons later left BCTV (CHAN-TV) in December 2009.

For CNN, its newsroom-as-set trend at its two main Atlanta hubs, inspired by BCTV (CHAN-TV), has become the DNA for 24-hour global television news channels since its 1980 inception.

Roone Arledge and Reese Schonfeld served as masterminds in bringing newsroom-as-set trends to the world through ABC News and CNN.

Studio 33 at the CBS Broadcast Centre served as a testing ground for the Walter Cronkite-era studio set being used for the CBS Evening News until 1986, when it moved 14 studio numbers up.

The Graybar Building, adjoining Grand Central, was the testing ground for the CBS Evening News, the first half-hour evening newscast on network television.

In 1981, after Dan Rather took over the anchor position, the studio set used by Walter Cronkite for the CBS Evening News at Studio 33 was revamped with a world map backdrop.

After moving 14 studios up from 33 in August 1986, the CBS Evening News set was revamped with a world map backdrop recoloured and a deeper blue background.

For the 1990 midterm elections, the CBS Evening News introduced the newsroom-as-set trend, which became permanent during the Gulf War and was revamped in 1996 by BDI.

Plus, the BDI-designed newsroom-as-set trend for the CBS Evening News was similar to CNN.

In South Florida, WSVN has two news studio sets, both built a few months before its 1989 switch: one with a control room backdrop, the other featuring the newsroom.

Not long after, WSVN began building the Newsplex project, bringing two of its 1989 sets together.

Using the CNN-style newsroom-as-set trend, based on BCTV, the WSVN Newsplex is one of the most influential news sets in the world.

Sister station WHDH began using the WSVN format in 1993.

Upon its relocation to 299, CityPulse changed its format to a desk-less open working newsroom.

This desk-less CityPulse newsroom was based on the open-plan area for Today (NBC) from the RCA Exhibition Hall, in turn, the basis for CHUM-City's entire 299 Queen Street West headquarters.

By late-March 1993, when the new Canadian Broadcasting Centre became fully operational, the CBC started using a newsroom-as-set trend for its English-language television assets.

Radio-Canada, the CBC's French-language answer, has used the newsroom trend since the noughties.

However, this newsroom-as-set trend was not new for Radio-Canada, as it was already being used from the mid-1980's to 1989, and in the mid-1990's until 1997.

In Quebec, TVA used a newsroom-as-set trend at Studio N, based on CNN, from the late-1980's to the early-2010's, when it was replaced by an isolated studio designed by AKA Creative Group.

For BCTV, its newsroom-as-set trend became so successful that other television stations across British Columbia began using this format.

CHEK-TV, a sister station to BCTV (CHAN-TV), used the newsroom-as-set trend from 1984 to 1997.

780 Kings Road was a testing ground for CHEK-TV's newsroom-as-set trend from 1984 to 1997.

However, the CHEK-TV newsroom-as-set trend from 1984 to 1997 never reached the similar theatrical scale to BCTV's at Enterprise Street, which is located in the Lake City Industrial Park.

For example, CIVT, CKVU and CIVI are independent-style television stations in British Columbia that used the edgy, flashy and youth-oriented CityPulse newsroom-as-set trend.

Monika Deol, who hosted music-themed programs on CityTV/MuchMusic, was also a news anchor for both CIVT and CKVU, bridging the two stations that shared the same CityPulse trend.

Initially, the New VI (CIVI) used the CityPulse format until Hudson Mack from CHEK-TV came.

Under Hudson Mack, the New VI (CIVI) abandoned the informal CityPulse style and made changes to attract a broader audience, like adding a news anchor desk and a more traditional approach.

Since his arrival, Hudson Mack has revived the credibility and reputation of the New VI (CIVI).

CBUT has also used the newsroom-as-set trend since 2009.

However, the newsroom-as-set trend being used by BCTV (CHAN-TV) from 1975 to 2010 is the gold standard for television news in British Columbia.

Meanwhile, by completing of the March 2013 move of its news operations from Television Centre to Broadcasting House, the BBC began using a newsroom-as-set trend.

However, this newsroom-as-set trend was not new for the BBC's news operation, since it was already being used from the late-1980's until 1993 physically for the Nine O'Clock News.

Some of the complaints for the BBC's late-1980s attempt to do the newsroom-as-set trend for the Nine O'Clock News include flashing computer screens, walking news staff and ringing telephones.

Virtually, the newsroom backdrop was used for the domestic BBC News programs for four years since 1972, and again from the late-1990's to 2013.

During its initial years, ITN was based at Television House at Kingsway in London, which also housed Associated-Rediffusion's administrative headquarters and transmission facilities.

In 1969, ITN relocated to its new headquarters at 48 Wells Street in London's West End.

As for Associated-Rediffusion's successor Thames, it moved to its purpose-built studios and offices at Euston Road.

Upon its move to its new hub at 200 Grays Inn Road designed by Norman Foster, ITN used a working newsroom for its newscasts on ITV until the mid-1990's.

Whereas some news programs from ITN emanated from 200 Grays Inn Road, others like News at Ten (ITV) still emanated from ITN House, based at 48 Wells Street, for a period after its move.

Sky News had used the newsroom-as-set trend from its February 1989 debut to the late-2010's.

John O'Loan masterminded this newsroom-as-set trend for Sky News upon its 1989 launch.

In contrast to the complaints that the BBC had in using the newsroom-as-set trend for the Nine O'Clock News, John O'Loan's Sky News set was slicker, more professional and more polished.

Plus, Sky News used the American-style happy talk format.

October 24, 2005 was when the Sky News Centre, a newsroom-as-set trend that was designed by Jack Morton Worldwide and built by the Janson Design Group and PDG, was introduced.

The newsroom-as-trend for Sky News upon its 1989 launch was influenced by global broadcasters like CNN.

For Australia's three commercial television services, their news operations have enclosed and isolated studio sets comprising of a world map backdrop with a blue hue until the late-1990's.

In late-1985, National Nine News in Melbourne/Victoria broke from tradition with the newsroom-as-set trend, the first of its kind in Australia.

Similar to the newsroom-as-set trend that ABC World News Tonight used during its initial years in New York as its main hub, this trend for National Nine News in Melbourne/Victoria lasted until 1993.

National Nine News in Brisbane/Queensland also began using the newsroom set in the late-1980's.

In 1996, a revamped studio set for National Nine News in Brisbane/Queensland was first used, being similar to the Dan Rather-era CBS Evening News studio designed by BDI, also since 1996.

With the relocation to its new headquarters in Pyrmont in 1997, Ten News in Sydney/New South Wales began using the newsroom-as-set trend.

However, the newsroom-as-set trend was not new for Ten News in Sydney/New South Wales, as it was already being used in the late-1980's as the last one from North Ryde.

During Brisbane's World Expo, Ten News in Brisbane/Queensland used the newsroom-as-set trend.

From the mid-noughties to the mid-2020's, Seven News in Sydney/New South Wales used a street-side studio at Martin Place, based on Studio 1A in Rockefeller Plaza used by Today (NBC).

Televisa began using the newsroom-as-set trend designed by BDI in the mid-noughties.

Based on CNN (and in turn, BCTV), Televisa's own newsroom-as-set trend was part of the newly-built expansion of its Chapultepec headquarters.

However, the newsroom-as-set trend was not new for Televisa, as it was already used shortly after the April 1997 death of Emilio Azcarraga Milmo until 1998 for 24 Horas with Jacobo Zabludovsky.

Plus, Televisa's local stations, like XEWT and XHBC, use the newsroom-as-set trend.

Rival TV Azteca used the newsroom-as-set trend for some Hechos editions from the late-1990's to the noughties.

ECO, which is television's first all-news service in both Latin America and the Hispanic world, used a multi-monitor control room set similar to CNN Headline News.

During the Carlos Menem presidency, newsroom-as-set trends were introduced to Argentina in a more modern and professional manner.

For example, Telenoche (Canal 13), from 1990 to the mid-2010's, used a set featuring a multi-monitor control room as its main backdrop, designed to have a working newsroom feel.

From 1990 to 2002, 24 Horas (TVN) utilized a small newsroom-as-set trend.

Teletrece (UCTV) used the newsroom-as-set trend from the 1990's to the noughties.

However, the newsroom-as-set trend was not new for Teletrece (UCTV), as it was already used for its secondary editions (afternoons/late-nights) during the 1980's.

QAP broke from tradition by using a newsroom-as-set trend, the first of its kind in Colombia.

Based on one for CNN (and in turn, BCTV), the newsroom-as-set trend for QAP conveyed urgency and transparency that other newscasts in Colombia have not.

Since QAP, this newsroom-as-set trend has been used by Colombia's private television services, such as RCN, Caracol and CityTV, the latter being based on the original Toronto version.

From the early-1990's to 2017, Uruguay's Canal 4 used the newsroom-as-set trend called the Centro Monte Carlo de Noticias, translated into English as the Monte Carlo News Centre.

The Centro Monte Carlo De Noticias was based on one for CNN, and in turn, BCTV.

Also in Uruguay, Teledoce utilized newsroom-as-set trends, including the one being based upon CNN International from the late-1990's to the mid-2010's.

Meanwhile, the Portuguese-language answer to Mexico's Televisa, run by Silvio Santos, pioneered the working newsroom-as-set trend through its newscast by Boris Casoy in the late-1980's.

For the newsroom studio set used by the Portuguese-language answer to Televisa, which Silvio Santos owned, it was based on ABC News' Washington hub, with the Walter Cronkite-era news desk.

Earlier on, a national television channel, owned by Jewish businessman Adolpho Bloch, pioneered the physical news studio set featuring a multi-monitor control room as its main backdrop.

The multi-monitor control room set used for Adolpho Bloch's television network was the first in Latin America's largest nation to have a working newsroom feel, made à la CNN.

Oscar Niemayer's modern structure served as the testing ground for the working newsroom feel (which Adolpho Bloch's own television network pioneered).

Vila Guilherme was the testing ground for the newsroom-as-set trend that Silvio Santos' own television network had pioneered.

Incidentally, the two national television networks arose from the first television network in both South America and the Potuguese-speaking world.

TROS Aktua (formerly Aktua-TV) used a newsroom-as-set trend, which was one of the first to do so in Europe, upon its debut in 1974 until 1985.

VTM used newsroom-as-set trends, including one designed by BDI from 1996 to the mid-noughties. 

Until 1984, both Tagesschau (ARD) and Heute (ZDF) held a national duopoly on the German television news landscape.

However, PKS/Sat.1 broke from tradition by using the newsroom-as-set trend made in cooperation with Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (FAZ).

Sat.1, which began in 1984 as the first private television station in Germany on a national basis, put the newsroom-as-set trend on the television map of the DACH region.

Zeit Im Bild (ORF) and Tagesschau (SF DRS) have both used studio sets with the open newsroom as a backdrop during the mid-1980's, the earlier starting in 1984, the latter in 1985.

Whilst Sat.1 aired short newscasts, in cooperation with the FAZ newspaper, upon its 1984 launch, RTL Plus aired 7 Vor 7, the first long-form newscast within Germany's private television sector.

ProSieben utilized the newsroom-as-set trend based on WSVN (and in turn, CNN and BCTV) for three years since 1996.

In August 1986, Aktuellt (SVT) began using the newsroom-as-set trend, the first to do so in the Nordic region (but on a temporary basis).

Nyhetshuset was a testing ground for the newsroom-as-set trend for Aktuellt (SVT).

This newsroom-as-set trend for Aktuellt (SVT) became a permanent one with the debut of ABC, which formerly used to be a regional newscast covering Stockholm and Uppsala.

For Aktuellt (SVT), the permanent newsroom-as-set trend setup lasted until September 2001.

Since its debut in September 1990, TV4 (Sweden) had used the newsroom as a studio backdrop from its two primary headquarters in Stockholm, influenced by global news like CNN and BCTV.

A property based in Storangsbotten in Stockholm became a television studio, but also served as a testing ground for the first ever newsroom studio set for TV4 from September 1990 to May 1996.

Besides, TV2 (Denmark), TV2 (Norway) and MTV3 (Finland) are the other privately-owned television channels in the Nordics that use the newsroom-as-set trends.

For TV2 (Denmark), its newsroom-as-set trend has been consistent since its late-1980's launch. 

Meanwhile, TV2 (Norway) used the newsroom-as-set trend briefly upon its launch, but was covered in 1993 and returned physically in the mid-noughties, virtually in 2013 and physically in 2017.

On the other hand, MTV3 (Finland) used the real newsroom-as-set trend from 1993 to the late-2010's.

Rediffusion (Hong Kong) was a pioneering broadcaster, and used a newsroom-as-set trend, styled after American networks (specifically ABC), the first in East Asia.

In the mid-1980's era, NHK General TV began using the newsroom-as-set trend for News Centre 9, the first of its kind in Japan, which lasted until its demise in the late-1980's.

This newsroom-as-set trend for NHK's NC9 program was styled after American networks.

During this period, Taro Kimura, born in the United States, and Midori Miyazaki, who formerly did the weather forecasts for this program, anchored NC9 from the newsroom.

Meanwhile, in 1985, All-Nippon News Network (ANN) began using the newsroom-as-set trend, which was based on one for CNN (and in turn, BCTV).

The Ark Broadcasting Centre, to which ANN moved in 1985, was the testing ground for the innovative newsroom-as-set trend within Japan's commercial television sector.

Even with its move to Roppongi Hills, ANN still used the CNN-style newsroom-as-set trend.

Whereas NHK was a pioneer in using the newsroom-as-set trend for News Centre 9, TV Asahi's News Station did the same, but within the commercial television sector.

News Station's launch stemmed from Japan Cable Television, which TV Asahi partly owned, striking a deal with CNN, back in the early-1980's.

JCTV's deal with CNN led to the latter's official introduction to Japan in 1984.

In 1998, a year after its relocation to Odaiba in March 1997, Fuji News Network (FNN) began to use a CNN-style newsroom-as-set trend, lasting until 2013.

Kenzo Tange's ultramodern building served as the testing ground for the newsroom-as-set trend, which FNN used.

Meanwhile, Nippon News Network (NNN) used the CNN-style newsroom-as-set trend, not simply for Plus 1 in its last years, but also for its Real Time program in its first years.

NHK Japan-World opened its headquarters in New York in spring 2021, utilizing the newsroom-as-set trend that Provost Design had created.

Also in the 1980's, with colour, KBS' news division began using newsroom-as-set trends.

Still in South Korea, MBC used the newsroom-as-set trend similar to the BDI-designed CBS Evening News set, which lasted during the first half of the noughties.

In the Philippines, ABS-CBN has earned its reputation for offering TV Patrol, a tabloid-like newscast revolutionizing Filipino television news.

Before TV Patrol, Filipino television news had English-language newscasts in a broadsheet format.

With TV Patrol, Filipino television news was in Tagalog in a sensationalized tabloid manner, similar to tabloid newspapers and radio news (specifically Radyo Patrol).

iTV, which was the first television service to be operated independently on the UHF band in Thailand, broke from tradition by adopting the CNN-style newsroom-as-set trend upon its 1996 launch.

Central European Media Enterprises (CME) is a media company initially using American roots.

Led by former US ambassadors Ronald Lauder and Mark Palmer, CME has been a pioneer in bringing Western-influenced (Western European and American) media principles to the Eastern Bloc.

For CME, it facilitates the Eastern Bloc's television modernization by mixing Western-style television presentation (specifically American and Hollywood) with local Eastern content.

Plus, CME exports Western management and marketing strategies to the Eastern Bloc.

Since 2020, CME has been run by the PFF Group, a multinational investment group founded by Czech businessman Petr Kellner, breaking from its American ties.

The Middle East Broadcasting Centre (MBC) is the first and leading private television channel in the Arabic-speaking world.

Initially based in London, MBC has been a pioneer in bringing Western-style (Western European and American) media principles to the Arab world.

MBC facilitates the modernization of television in the Arab world by mixing Western-style television presentation (specifically American and Hollywood) with local Arab content, similar to CME.

Plus, like CME, MBC exports Western management and marketing strategies to the Arab world.

Waleed bin Ibrahim Al Ibrahim, a Saudi businessman who was educated in the United States, launched MBC as part of his ARAvision group.

London had freedom of press and a neutral and independent territory, so it was MBC's first location.

Both CME and MBC are pioneers in bringing Western media principles to the two emerging markets in Eurasia, turning them into pluralistic, commercially-driven media economies.

Sam Barnett, who worked at MBC Group from 2002 to 2025 (14 as its CEO), also works at CME.

For Sam Barnett, he bridges both the CME and MBC companies, which, from their early period in the 1990's, facilitated television's modernization in both the Eastern Bloc and the Arab world.

During the Cold War, television in Eastern Europe was staid.

With the television channels held by CME, television in Eastern Europe was modernized by adopting newsroom-as-set trends based on CNN.

Ronald Lauder and Mark Palmer were CME's American-born co-founders who utilized Western-made broadcast technology, infrastructure and expertise previously unused in Eastern Europe.

Prior to CNN's innovative coverage of the first Gulf War, television stations across the Arab world have used isolated and enclosed news studio sets.

Spurred by CNN's coverage of the first Gulf War, private television channels in the Arab world, such as MBC, adopted newsroom-as-set trends based on CNN.

Waleed bin Ibrahim Al Ibrahim, a Saudi businessman educated in the United States, to begin MBC as part of his ARAvision group.

London had freedom of press and a neutral and independent territory, so it was MBC's first location.

London, which served as the primary base for MBC until 2002, was a testing ground for Western-made broadcast technology, infrastructure and expertise previously unused in the Arab world.

Dubai Media City was MBC's second base from 2002 to 2022, with Saudi Arabia as its third base.

For most of its run at Dubai Media City, MBC used the CNN-style newsroom-as-set trend.

Al-Arabiya, which is MBC's sister channel, also used the similar CNN-style newsroom-as-set trend as MBC from its launch around the Iraqi War until 2020.

Clickspring Design renovated MBC's CNN-style newsroom-as-set trend at Dubai Media City in 2017, which blended Islamic-inspired design elements with modern technology.

Meanwhile, Clickspring Design made Al-Arabiya's studio in 2020.

This newsroom-as-set trend was not new for MBC, however, as it was already being used, while at its London studios, starting in the mid-1990's.

Robert Wiener and Eason Jordan installed a link from Baghdad to CNN during the first Gulf War.

The trio that comprised Bernard Shaw, Peter Arnett and John Holliman brought CNN to unprecedented success and popularity during Operation Desert Storm, due to Robert Wiener's telephone link.

Peter Arnett was the sole CNN voice from Al-Rashid after Bernard Shaw and John Holliman left.

Beyond North America, CNN International distributed the American counterpart's coverage of the first Gulf War to many other countries around the world.

Besides, Al-Jazeera, in its original Arabic iteration, used newsroom-as-set trends for news updates; its main studio was isolated.

During the mid-2010's, Al-Jazeera's original version began using the newsroom as its main backdrop at Studio 5; Veech x Veech designed this one for Al-Jazeera's original version.

For its 25th anniversary, in 2021, Al-Jazeera's Studio 5 was renovated by Clickspring Design.

In its English-language version, Al-Jazeera has consistently used the newsroom-as-set trend from its primary Doha headquarters since its launch.

BBC Arabic Television used the newsroom-as-set trend physically from 2008 to 2013.

Sky News Arabia, like its original British version, has used the newsroom-as-set trend for most of the 2010's decade, which BDA designed.

The Abu Dhabi Media Centre at its twofour54 SEZ was the testing ground for Sky News Arabia.

Dubai Media Inc. had its own Dubai News Centre at Dubai Media City, which BDI designed.

For the Dubai News Centre at Dubai Media City, it is one of the most sophisticated newsrooms in the Middle East, based on one for CNN.

Abu Dhabi TV used a newsroom-as-set trend being designed by British-based Shaun Moore Design during the mid-noughties.

Meanwhile, in Lebanon, Future News and Murr Television (MTV) used CNN-style newsroom-as-set trends, both starting in the late-noughties.

During its initial years, Vesti on RTR/Russia-1 came from the Ostankino Technical Centre, featuring an enclosed and isolated studio set with a world map backdrop.

However, Ostankino suffered damage, which meant that Vesti (Russia-1) came from a makeshift studio with a plain backdrop, during the 1993 events.

Even after the 1993 events, and even with a new look, featuring its high-end opening sequence and its different backdrop, Vesti on RTR/Russia-1 still came from Ostankino.

Some months after the 1993 events, Vesti (Russia-1) moved from Ostankino to a different location.

At Yamskoye Pole, Vesti (Russia-1) had a newsroom-as-set trend, the first of its kind in Russia.

In joint cooperation with the Dutch, this newsroom-as-set trend for Vesti (Russia-1) demonstrated a worldwide influence on its design.

Based on one for CNN, and in turn, BCTV, this newsroom-as-set trend for Vesti (Russia-1) conveyed urgency and transparency that other newscasts in post-Soviet Russia have not.

Tele-Scena remodeled the Vesti newsroom-as-set trend in the mid-noughties.

Khreshchatyk Street, based in central Kyiv, once housed a radio and television studio during the Soviet period from the early-1950's to the early-1990's, when public television moved to the Pencil.

During its post-Soviet era, the Pencil housed public television in the Ukraine (with Khreshchatyk as its secondary hub).

March 9, 1996, which was the birthday of Taras Shevenchenko and the day after International Women's Day, was when a fire broke out at a radio and television studio at Khreshchatyk.

In late-2021, even before the break-out of the Russo-Ukrainian war in February 2022, Suspilne revived and modernized Khreshchatyk by introducing a modern newsroom-as-set trend.

This newsroom-as-set trend being developed for Suspilne at Khreshchatyk Street (influenced by global broadcasters like CNN) is called NewsHouse 2.0.

Housing the main television studio for NewsHouse 2.0 for Suspilne at Khreshchatyk is a glass cube.

Designing NewsHouse 2.0 for Suspilne at Khreshchatyk was a design team led by Slava Balbek.

With NewsHouse 2.0, Suspilne became the Ukraine's main source for accurate and unbiased news and information during the Russo-Ukrainian war.

NewsHouse 2.0, developed for Suspilne, serves as a collaboration between partners, like BBC Media Action and DW Akademie with funding from the European Union.

Having started at the dawn of the nation's post-communist and democratic era, Panorama (TVP2) had utilized the newsroom-as-set trend, the first of its kind in Poland, but via chroma key.

Not long after, Wiadomosci (TVP1) used the newsroom-as-set trend on a physical level.

Earlier on, Teleexpress used a multi-monitor control room set, emphasizing its fast-paced approach.

RCTI, as Indonesia's first private television channel, countered TVRI's state-run news formula with its dynamic, American-style news aesthetic.

Some elements shaping RCTI's American-influenced news style included a news set, which featured a multi-monitor control room backdrop, plus live reports, dynamic graphics and modern music.

Having lasted from late-August 1993 to around 2005, the RCTI news set, with a multi-monitor control room backdrop, was the first in Indonesia to have a working newsroom feel, made à la CNN.

Kebon Jeruk was a testing ground for this working newsroom feel, which RCTI had pioneered.

Initially, Seputar Indonesia used a studio set with a blue backdrop and the name, whilst Buletin Malam used a skyline backdrop via chroma key.

The late-August 1993 revamp led to the launch of the multi-monitor control room news set for RCTI.

What shaped RCTI's American-influenced approach as a counterweight to TVRI was the strategy being honed by Pete Langlois, who, for 11 years, was the news director at KCRA-TV.

SCTV, with its 2008 move to the SCTV Tower, located in the Senayan City complex, started using the newsroom-as-set trend on a larger physical level.

Plus, NET. has used the physical CNN-style newsroom-as-set trend, which BDI designed, since 2013.

Before RCTI and other private channels, TVRI had used enclosed and isolated news studio sets, with a world map backdrop as a authoritative symbol, either via chroma key or physically.

Not until the post-1998 reform period did Indonesian television, including TVRI, undertake significant restructuring towards true editorial independence.

On December 14, 2017, VTC broke from tradition by introducing a real and physical newsroom-as-set trend, which was the first of its kind in Vietnam.

Many Vietnamese television services, like VTV, have utilized traditional and enclosed news sets, either physical or virtual, for years.

This physical VTC newsroom set, inspired by global news broadcasters, like CNN and the BBC, lasted from December 2017 until the January 2025 shutdown of its digital television services.

Whether on ABC Sports, ABC News, CNN, ESPN or many other TV channels all over the world, the innovations by Roone Arledge take news and sports to a cinematic level.